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Introduction To Psychology > P1 Exam > Flashcards

P1 Exam Flashcards

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1
Q

Which of the following statements is TRUE about “Psychology”?

a. It is the study of mind.
b. It is the scientific study of the mind.
c. It is the scientific study of mind and behavior.
d. It is the study of mind and behavior.

A

c. It is the scientific study of mind and behavior.

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2
Q

The Greek word “psyche” is often represented as _______.

a. Princess
b. Love
c. Soul
d. Butterfly

A

d. Butterfly

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3
Q

It is a process wherein an individual scrutinizes their own conscious experience with as much objectivity as possible, treating the human mind as akin to any other facet of nature that a scientist might observe.

a. Structuralism
b. Introspection
c. Cognitive revolution
d. Psychoanalysis

A

b. Introspection

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4
Q

He is considered as the Father of Psychology.

a. Sigmund Freud
b. Wilhelm Wundt
c. William James
d. Ivan Pavlov

A

b. Wilhelm Wundt

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5
Q

This theory focused on how mental activities helped an organism fit into its environment.

a. Psychoanalysis
b. Cognitive revolution
c. Structuralism
d. Introspection

A

c. Structuralism

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6
Q

These men are credited with their major emphasis on Gestalt Psychology

a. Wertheimer, Skinner and Kohler
b. Pavlov, Koffka, and Kohler
c. Watson, Skinner and Pavlov
d. Koffka, Kohler and Wertheimer

A

d. Koffka, Kohler and Wertheimer

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7
Q

According to his theory, reinforcement and punishment are major factors in driving behavior.

a. Ivan Pavlov
b. B.F Skinner
c. John B. Watson
d. Wolfgang Kohler

A

b. B.F Skinner

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8
Q

In Pavlov’s experiment with dogs, the sound of the bell before conditioning is a:

a. Unconditioned Stimulus
b. Neutral Stimulus
c. Unconditioned Response
d. Unconditioned Stimulus

A

b. Neutral Stimulus

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9
Q

John has a habit of eating popcorn while watching his favorite TV show. Every time he watches the show, he smells and tastes the popcorn, which makes him feel satisfied and content. After a few weeks, John begins to feel satisfied and content as soon as he starts watching the show, even before he starts eating popcorn. Identify the Conditioned Stimulus

a. Feeling satisfied and content from the popcorn
b. Watching his favorite TV show
c. Smell and taste of the popcorn
d. Unconditioned Stimulus

A

b. Watching his favorite TV show

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10
Q

It is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans.

a. Behaviorism
b. Gestalt Psychology
c. Functionalism
d. Humanism

A

d. Humanism

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11
Q

According to Maslow, which category of needs involves the desire for personal growth, self-discovery, and fulfilling one’s potential?

a. Safety needs
b. Social needs
c. Esteem needs
d. Self-actualization

A

c. Esteem needs

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12
Q

In Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, what comes immediately after the satisfaction of
physiological needs?

a. Security
b. Love and belongingness
c. Esteem
d. Self-actualization

A

a. Security

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13
Q

Which of the following is not one of the levels in Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

a. Esteem
b. Intellectual
c. Physiological
d. Security

A

b. Intellectual

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14
Q

Maslow proposed that individuals strive for self-actualization, which involves realizing one’s full potential. What is a characteristic of self-actualized individuals?

a. Strong emphasis on conformity
b. Limited personal growth
c. Acceptance of facts and reality
d. Dependence on external validation

A

c. Acceptance of facts and reality

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15
Q

The therapist accepts their client for who they are, no matter what he or she might say.

a. Client-centered
b. Person-centered
c. Unconditional positive regard
d. Holistic approach

A

c. Unconditional positive regard

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16
Q

What does APA stand for?

a. American Psychiatric Association
b. American Psychology Association
c. Asian Psychology Association
d. American Psychological Association

A

d. American Psychological Association

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17
Q

It is the area of Psychology that focuses on studying perceptions, thoughts and their relationship to ourexperiences and actions.

a. Developmental Psychology
b. Biopsychology
c. Cognitive Psychology
d. Evolutionary Psychology

A

c. Cognitive Psychology

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18
Q

Area of psychology that focuses on diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior.

a. Personality Psychology
b. Social Psychology
c. Industrial Psychology
d. Clinical Psychology

A

d. Clinical Psychology

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19
Q

Assessing a person’s competency to stand trial is an example of what area in psychology?

a. Social Psychology
b. Health Psychology
c. Clinical Psychology
d. Forensic Psychology

A

d. Forensic Psychology

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20
Q

Which of the following is NOT one of the Big Five Personality Traits in the OCEAN model?

a. Openness
b. Optimism
c. Conscientiousness
d. Extraversion

A

b. Optimism

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21
Q

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. Psychoanalysis focuses on the person’s childhood experiences.
b. Psychoanalysis focuses on the person’s unconscious mind.
c. The unconscious mind can be accessed through dream analysis and through slip of the tongue.
d. All statements are true.

A

d. All statements are true.

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22
Q

A neurotransmitter that increases arousal and suppresses appetite

a. Dopamine
b. Norepinephrine
c. Acetylcholine
d. Serotonin

A

b. Norepinephrine

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23
Q

A neurotransmitter involved in pain and pleasure

a. Glutamate
b. GABA
c. Norepinephrine
d. Beta-endorphins

A

d. Beta-endorphins

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24
Q

Individuals high in the Openness trait are likely to:

a. Be organized and plan ahead.
b. Prefer routine and familiarity.
c. Be imaginative and open to new experiences.
d. Be reserved and quiet.

A

c. Be imaginative and open to new experiences.

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25
Q

A previously neutral stimulus that triggers a conditioned response after being paired with an
unconditioned stimulus.

a. Conditioned Response
b. Unconditioned Stimulus
c. Conditioned Stimulus
d. Unconditioned Response

A

c. Conditioned Stimulus

26
Q

It involves adding an aversive stimulus to decrease a behavior

a. Negative reinforcement
b. Negative punishment
c. Positive punishment
d. Positive reinforcement

A

c. Positive punishment

27
Q

Sarah’s dog keeps barking at night. To reduce the barking, she starts using a mild spray of water every
time the dog barks. Over time, the dog barks less frequently at night.

a. Negative reinforcement
b. Negative punishment
c. Positive punishment
d. Positive reinforcement

A

c. Positive punishment

28
Q

The Conscientiousness trait is associated with:

a. Carelessness and being disorganized
b. Being responsible and reliable
c. Avoidant in social interactions
d. Practical and prefers routine

A

a. Carelessness and being disorganized

29
Q

A medical doctor who can prescribe medications to people with mental illnesses and emotional
disorders.

a. Counselors
b. Psychologists
c. Psychometricians
d. Psychiatrists

A

d. Psychiatrists

30
Q

Cjay dislikes doing the dishes. His parents tell him that if he completes his homework every day for a week, he won’t have to do the dishes for the entire weekend. Cjay starts completing his homework on time every day. Identify the type of operant conditioning.

a. Positive Reinforcement
b. Positive Punishment
c. Negative Reinforcement
d. Negative Punishment

A

c. Negative Reinforcement

31
Q

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

a. In the process of scientific method, the types of reasoning are called deductive and inductive.
b. Deductive reasoning begins with a generalization to reach logical conclusions about the real world.
c. Inductive reasoning is a well developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed
phenomena.
d. All statements are correct.

A

c. Inductive reasoning is a well developed set of ideas that propose an explanation for observed
phenomena.

32
Q

This type of research uses existing records to answer various research questions.

a. Survey Research
b. Archival Research
c. Correlational Research
d. Clinical Research

A

b. Archival Research

33
Q

It refers to the possibility that a researcher’s expectations might skew the results of the study.

a. Experimenter’s judgements
b. Confirmation bias
c. Experimenter bias
d. Placebo effect

A

c. Experimenter bias

34
Q

In selecting and assigning experimental participants, this sample is a subset of a larger population in which every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected.

a. Random assignment
b. Random strategy
c. Random sample
d. None of the above

A

c. Random sample

35
Q

It is conducted to find out if there are meaningful differences between two experimental groups.

a. Statistical analysis
b. Statistical differences
c. Statistical correlation
d. None of the above

A

a. Statistical analysis

36
Q

What does APA stand for?

a. American Psychiatry Association
b. American Psychological Association
c. American Psychiatric Association
d. None of the above

A

b. American Psychological Association

37
Q

In Psychological research, it refers to the ability to consistently produce a given result or any instrument or tools used to collect data do so in consistent ways.

a. Validity
b. Standardized tests
c. Security
d. Reliability

A

d. Reliability

38
Q

All statements are incorrect, except for one.

a. The Institutional review board’s purpose is to review proposals for research that involves human participants.
b. The Institutional review board’s purpose is to review proposals for research that involves human and animal participants.
c. Researchers must seek approval from the IRB before the research is published.
d. All statements are incorrect.

A

a. The Institutional review board’s purpose is to review proposals for research that involves human participants.

39
Q

It is a measure of agreement among observers on how they record and classify a particular event.

a. Naturalistic observation
b. Intra-rater reliability
c. Inter-rater reliability
d. Observer bias

A

c. Inter-rater reliability

40
Q

____ involves observing behavior in individuals in their natural environments.

a. Archival research
b. Case-study
c. Survey
d. Naturalistic Observation

A

d. Naturalistic Observation

41
Q

A ________ is a sudden, permanent change.
in a sequence of DNA.

a. Allele
b. Chromosome
c. Epigenetic
d. Mutation

A

d. Mutation

42
Q

________ refers to a person’s genetic makeup, while ________ refers to a person’s physical
characteristics.

a. Phenotype: Genotype
b. Genotype: Phenotype
c. DNA: Gene
d. Gene: DNA

A

b. Genotype: Phenotype

43
Q

________ is the field of study that focuses on genes and their expression.

a. Social l Psychology
b. Evolutionary Psychology
c. Epigenetics
d. Behavioral Neuroscience

A

c. Epigenetics

44
Q
  1. Humans have ________ pairs of chromosomes in total.

a. 15
b. 23
c. 46
d. 78

A

c. 46

45
Q

The ________ receive(s) incoming signals from other neurons.

a. Soma
b. Terminal buttons
c. Myelin sheath
d. Dendrites

A

d. Dendrites

46
Q

A ________ facilitates or mimics the activity of a given neurotransmitter system.

a. Axon
b. SSRI
c. Agonist
d. Antagonist

A

c. Agonist

47
Q

Multiple sclerosis involves a breakdown of the ________.

a. Soma
b. Myelin sheath
c. Synaptic vesicles
d. Dendrites

A

b. Myelin sheath

48
Q

It develops from two different eggs fertilized by different sperm.

a. Fraternal twins
b. Identical twins
c. Epigenetics
d. Heterozygous

A

a. Fraternal twins

49
Q

Our ability to make our legs move as we walk across the room is controlled by the ________ nervous system.

a. autonomic
b. somatic
c. sympathetic
d. parasympathetic

A

b. somatic

50
Q

If your ________ is activated, you will feel relatively at ease.

a. somatic nervous system
b. sympathetic nervous system
c. parasympathetic nervous system
d. spinal cord

A

c. parasympathetic nervous system

51
Q

The central nervous system is composed of ________.

a. sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
b. organs and glands
c. somatic and autonomic nervous systems
d. brain and spinal cord

A

d. brain and spinal cord

52
Q

Sympathetic activation is associated with ________.

a. pupil dilation
b. storage of glucose in the liver
c. increased heart rate
d. both A and C

A

d. both A and C

53
Q

The ________ is a sensory relay station where all sensory information, except for smell, goes before being sent to other areas of the brain for further processing.

a. Amygdala
b. Hippocampus
c. hypothalamus
d. thalamus

A

d. thalamus

54
Q

Damage to the ________ disrupts one’s ability to comprehend language, but it leaves one’s ability to produce words intact.

a. Amygdala
b. Broca’s Area
c. Wernicke’s Area
d. occipital lobe

A

c. Wernicke’s Area

55
Q

A ________ uses magnetic fields to create pictures of a given tissue.

a. EEG
b. MRI
c. PET scan
d. CT scan

A

b. MRI

56
Q

Which of the following is not a structure of the forebrain?

a. Thalamus
b. Hippocampus
c. Amygdala
d. Substantia nigra

A

d. Substantia nigra

57
Q

The two major hormones secreted from the pancreas are:

a. estrogen and progesterone
b. norepinephrine and epinephrine
c. thyroxine and oxytocin
d. glucagon and insulin

A

d. glucagon and insulin

58
Q

The ________ secretes messenger hormones that direct the function of the rest of the endocrine
glands.

a. Ovary
b. Thyroid
c. pituitary
d. pancreas

A

c. pituitary

59
Q

The ________ gland secretes epinephrine.

a. Adrenal
b. Thyroid
c. pituitary
d. master

A

a. Adrenal

60
Q

The ________ secretes hormones that regulate the body’s fluid levels.

a. Adrenal
b. Pituitary
c. Testes
d. Thyroid

A

b. Pituitary

Introduction To Psychology (9 decks)

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