Chapter 4: States of Consciousness Flashcards
The body’s biological clock is located in the __________.
a. Hippocampus
b. Thalamus
c. Hypothalamus
d. Pituitary gland
C. Hypothalamus
_________ occurs when there is a chronic deficiency in sleep.
a. Jet lag
b. Rotating shift work
c. Circadian rhythm
d. Sleep debt
d. Sleep debt
________ cycles occur roughly once every 24 hours.
a. Biological
b. Circadian
c. Rotating
d. Conscious
b. Circadian
_________ is one way in which people can help reset their biological clocks.
a. Light-dark exposure
b. Coffee consumption
c. Alcohol consumption
d. Napping
a. Light-dark exposure
Growth hormone is secreted by the ________
while we sleep.
a. pineal gland
b. thyroid
c. pituitary gland
d. pancreas
c. Pituitary gland
The ________ plays a role in controlling slow-
wave sleep.
a. hypothalamus
b. thalamus
c. pons
d. both a and b
a. Hypothalamus
________ is a hormone secreted by the pineal
gland that plays a role in regulating biological
rhythms and immune function.
a. growth hormone
b. melatonin
c. LH
d. FSH
b. Melatonin
________ appears to be especially important for
enhanced performance on recently learned tasks.
a. melatonin
b. slow-wave sleep
c. sleep deprivation
d. growth hormone
b. Slow-wave sleep
________ is(are) described as slow-wave sleep.
a. stage 1
b. stage 2
c. stage 3 and stage 4
d. REM sleep
c. Stage 3 and 4
Sleep spindles and K-complexes are most
often associated with ________ sleep.
a. stage 1
b. stage 2
c. stage 3 and stage 4
d. REM
b. Stage 2
Symptoms of ________ may be improved by
REM deprivation.
a. schizophrenia
b. Parkinson’s disease
c. depression
d. generalized anxiety disorder
c. Depression
The ________ content of a dream refers to the
true meaning of the dream.
a. latent
b. manifest
c. collective unconscious
d. important
b. Manifest
________ is loss of muscle tone or control that
is often associated with narcolepsy.
a. RBD
b. CPAP
c. cataplexy
d. insomnia
c. Cataplexy
An individual may suffer from ________ if there is a disruption in the brain signals that are sent to the muscles that regulate breathing.
a. central sleep apnea
b. obstructive sleep apnea
c. narcolepsy
d. SIDS
a. Central sleep apnea
The most common treatment for ________ involves the use of amphetamine-like medications.
a. sleep apnea
b. RBD
c. SIDS
d. narcolepsy
d. Narcolepsy
________ is another word for sleepwalking.
a. insomnia
b. somnambulism
c. cataplexy
d. narcolepsy
b. Somnambulism
________ occurs when a drug user requires more and more of a given drug in order to experience the same effects of the drug.
a. withdrawal
b. psychological dependence
c. tolerance
d. reuptake
c. Tolerance
Cocaine blocks the reuptake of ________.
a. GABA
b. glutamate
c. acetylcholine
d. dopamine
d. Dopamine
________ refers to drug craving.
a. psychological dependence
b. antagonism
c. agonism
d. physical dependence
a. Psychological dependence
LSD affects ________ neurotransmission.
a. dopamine
b. serotonin
c. acetylcholine
d. norepinephrine
b. Serotonin
________ is most effective in individuals that are very open to the power of suggestion.
a. hypnosis
b. meditation
c. mindful awareness
d. cognitive therapy
a. Hypnosis
________ has its roots in religious practice.
a. hypnosis
b. meditation
c. cognitive therapy
d. behavioral therapy
b. Meditation
Meditation may be helpful in ________.
a. pain management
b. stress control
c. treating the flu
d. both a and b
d. Both a and b
Research suggests that cognitive processes, such as learning, may be affected by ________.
a. hypnosis
b. meditation
c. mindful awareness
d. progressive relaxation
b. Meditation
c. Mindful awareness
d. Progressive relaxation
