Chapter 12: Social Psychology

Question 1

As a field, social psychology focuses on
________ in predicting human behavior.

a. personality traits
b. genetic predispositions
c. biological forces
d. situational factors

Answer 1

d. situational factors

Question 2

Making internal attributions for your successes and making external attributions for your failures is an example of ________.

a. actor-observer bias
b. fundamental attribution error
c. self-serving bias
d. just-world hypothesis

Answer 2

c. self-serving bias

Question 3

Collectivistic cultures are to ________ as individualistic cultures are to ________.

a. dispositional; situational
b. situational; dispositional
c. autonomy; group harmony
d. just-world hypothesis; self-serving bias

Answer 3

b. situational; dispositional

Question 4

According to the actor-observer bias, we have
more information about ________.

a. situational influences on behavior
b. influences on our own behavior
c. influences on others’ behavior
d. dispositional influences on behavior

Answer 4

b. influences on our own behavior

Question 5

A(n) ________ is a set of group expectations for
appropriate thoughts and behaviors of its members.

a. social role
b. social norm
c. script
d. attribution

Answer 5

b. social norm

Question 6

On his first day of soccer practice, Jose suits up in a t-shirt, shorts, and cleats and runs out to the field to join his teammates. Jose’s behavior is reflective of ________.

a. a script
b. social influence
c. good athletic behavior
d. normative behavior

Answer 6

a. a script

Question 7

When it comes to buying clothes, teenagers often follow social norms; this is likely motivated by ________.

a. following parents’ rules
b. saving money
c. fitting in
d. looking good

Answer 7

c. fitting in

Question 8

In the Stanford prison experiment, even the lead researcher succumbed to his role as a prison supervisor. This is an example of the power of ________ influencing behavior.

a. scripts
b. social norms
c. conformity
d. social roles

Answer 8

d. social roles

Question 9

Attitudes describe our ________ of people, objects, and ideas.

a. treatment
b. evaluations
c. cognitions
d. knowledge

Answer 9

b. evaluations

Question 10

Cognitive dissonance causes discomfort because it disrupts our sense of ________.

a. dependency
b. unpredictability
c. consistency
d. power

Answer 10

c. consistency

Question 11

In order for the central route to persuasion to be effective, the audience must be ________ and ________.

a. analytical; motivated
b. attentive; happy
c. intelligent; unemotional
d. gullible; distracted

Answer 11

a. analytical; motivated

Question 12

Examples of cues used in peripheral route persuasion include all of the following except
________.

a. celebrity endorsement
b. positive emotions
c. attractive models
d. factual information

Answer 12

d. factual information

Question 13

In the Asch experiment, participants conformed due to ________ social influence.

a. informational
b. normative
c. inspirational
d. persuasive

Answer 13

b. normative

Question 14

Under what conditions will informational social influence be more likely?

a. when individuals want to fit in
b. when the answer is unclear
c. when the group has expertise
d. both b and c

Answer 14

d. both b and c

Question 15

Social loafing occurs when ________.

a. individual performance cannot be evaluated
b. the task is easy
c. both a and b
d. none of the above

Answer 15

c. both a and b

Question 16

If group members modify their opinions to align with a perceived group consensus, then ________ has occurred.

a. group cohesion
b. social facilitation
c. groupthink
d. social loafing

Answer 16

c. groupthink

Question 17

Prejudice is to ________ as discrimination is to ________.

a. feelings; behavior
b. thoughts; feelings
c. feelings; thoughts
d. behavior; feelings

Answer 17

a. feelings; behavior

Question 18

Which of the following is not a type of prejudice?

a. homophobia
b. racism
c. sexism
d. individualism

Answer 18

d. individualism

Question 19

________ occurs when the out-group is blamed for the in-group’s frustration.

a. stereotyping
b. in-group bias
c. scapegoating
d. ageism

Answer 19

c. scapegoating

Question 20

When we seek out information that supports
our stereotypes we are engaged in ________.

a. scapegoating
b. confirmation bias
c. self-fulfilling prophecy
d. in-group bias

Answer 20

b. confirmation bias

Question 21

Typically, bullying from boys is to ________ as bullying from girls is to ________.

a. emotional harm; physical harm
b. physical harm; emotional harm
c. psychological harm; physical harm
d. social exclusion; verbal taunting

Answer 21

b. physical harm; emotional harm

Question 22

Which of the following adolescents is least likely to be targeted for bullying?

a. a child with a physical disability
b. a transgender adolescent
c. an emotionally sensitive boy
d. the captain of the football team

Answer 22

d. the captain of the football team

Question 23

The bystander effect likely occurs due to ________.

a. desensitization to violence
b. people not noticing the emergency
c. diffusion of responsibility
d. emotional insensitivity

Answer 23

c. diffusion of responsibility

Question 24

Altruism is a form of prosocial behavior that
is motivated by ________.

a. feeling good about oneself
b. selfless helping of others
c. earning a reward
d. showing bravery to bystanders

Answer 24

b. selfless helping of others

Question 25

After moving to a new apartment building, research suggests that Sam will be most likely to
become friends with ________.

a. his next door neighbor
b. someone who lives three floors up in the
apartment building
c. someone from across the street
d. his new postal delivery person

Answer 25

a. his next door neighbor

Question 26

What trait do both men and women tend to look for in a romantic partner?

a. sense of humor
b. social skills
c. leadership potential
d. physical attractiveness

Answer 26

a. sense of humor

Question 27

According to the triangular theory of love,
what type of love is defined by passion and
intimacy but no commitment?

a. consummate love
b. empty love
c. romantic love
d. liking

Answer 27

c. romantic love

Question 28

According to social exchange theory, humans
want to maximize the ________ and minimize the
________ in relationships.

a. intimacy; commitment
b. benefits; costs
c. costs; benefits
d. passion; intimacy

Answer 28

b. benefits; costs