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Monika Sucks Ass > P1 - Energy > Flashcards

P1 - Energy Flashcards

1
Q

Energy stores Examples

A
  • Thermal
  • Kinetic
  • Gravitational potential
  • Elastic potential
  • Chemical energy
  • Magnetic
  • Electrostatic
  • Nuclear
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2
Q

Kinetic energy equation

A

E = 1/2mv^2

kinetic energy = 1/2 x mass x (speed)^2

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3
Q

Gravitational potential equation

A 
E = mgh
G.P.E = mass x gravitational field strength x height
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4
Q

elastic potential equation

A 
E = 1/2ke^2
E.P.E = 1/2 x Spring constant x extension
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5
Q

Specific heat energy equation

A

change in E = mc(change in)temperature

change in E = mass x S.H.C x change in temperature

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6
Q

power equation

A 
P = w/t
power = work done/time
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7
Q

conservation of energy principle

A

energy can be transferred usefully, stored or dissipated, but can never be created or destroyed.

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8
Q

ways to reduce unwanted energy transfers

A

lubrication

thermal insulation

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9
Q

Lubrication

A

Lubricants can be used to reduce the friction between the objects’ surfaces when they move.

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10
Q

conduction

A

the particles vibrate more and collide with each other. During these collisions, energy is transferred between the particles’ kinetic energy stores

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11
Q

convection

A

Materials with a higher thermal conductivity transfer energy between their particles at a faster rate. The particles are free to move the space between individual particles increases . This causes the density of the region being heated to decrease. Energetic particles move away from hotter to cooler regions.

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12
Q

cavity walls

A

made up of inner and outer wall and have an air gap in the middle. The air gap reduces the amount of energy transferred by conduction in the walls.

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13
Q

loft insulation

A

can reduce convection currents being created in lofts.

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14
Q

double-glazed windows

A

they have an air gap between two sheets of glass to prevent energy transfer by conduction through windows

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15
Q

drought excluders

A

around doors and windows to reduce energy transfers by convection

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16
Q

efficiency equation

A

efficiency = useful output / total output

17
Q

non renewable resources examples

A

coil
oil
natural gas

18
Q

renewable resources examples

A 
the sun
wind
water waves
hydro-electricity 
bio-fuel
tides
geothermal
19
Q

non-renewable resources

A

run out one day
damage the environment
provide most of our energy

20
Q

renewable resources

A

never run out
most of them do damage but not as bad as non-renewable
don’t provide much energy
some are unreliable as they depend on the weather.

21
Q

Transport energy resources

A

N
- petrol and diesel use fuel created from oil
- coal is used in some old-fashioned steam trains
R
- Vehicles that run on pure bio-fuels

22
Q

Heating energy resources

A 
N
- Natural gas is used to heat up water
- coal for fire places
- Electric heaters which uses energy generated from NRR
R
- A geothermal heat pump
- Solar water heaters work by using the sun to heat up water 
- Burning bio-fuel
23
Q

wind power

A
  • no pollution
  • spoil the view
  • very noisy
  • initial costs are high but no fuel or minimal running costs
  • no permanent damage to the landscape
24
Q

Solar cells

A
  • remote places
  • no pollution
  • only in daytime
  • initial costs are high
  • energy is free and running costs are almost nil.
  • generate electricity on a relatively small scale
25
Q

Geothermal power

A
  • where hot rocks are quite near the surface. Slow decay of various radioactive elements deep inside the earth
  • free energy
  • reliable
  • little damage to the environment
  • generate electricity or heat buildings directly
26
Q

hydro-electric power

A
  • requires the flooding of a valley by building a big dam
  • no pollution
  • big impact on the environment - flooding of valley and possible loss of habitat
  • unsightly when dried up
  • provide an immediate response
27
Q

wave power

A
  • lots of small turbines around the coast
  • no pollution
  • disturbs the seabed and the habitats of marine animals
  • hazard to boats
  • spoil the view
  • large scale
28
Q

Tidal Barrages

A
  • big dams with turbines build into them
  • gravitational pull of the sun and moon
  • no pollution
  • preventing free access by boats
  • altering habitat
  • spoils the view
  • happen twice a day with no fail
  • lower tides will provide less energy than bigger tides
29
Q

Bio-fuels

A
  • renewable energy source
  • created from plant products or animal waste
  • solid, liquid or gas and can be burnt to make electricty
  • fairly reliable as crops take a relatively short time to grow
  • cannot respond to immediate energy demands
  • stored for when they are needed
  • cost is very high
  • some regions have large forests cleared and use them for bio-fuels. This means a lot of animals are losing their habitats
  • Burns vegetation and it increases CO2 and methane emmisons
30
Q

ways in which non-renewables are reliable

A
  • enough fossil and nuclear fuels to meet current demands
  • extracted from the earth at a fast enough rate that power plants always have fuel in stock
  • respond quickly to changes in demand
  • running and fuel extraction costs are fairly low
31
Q

Non-renewables creating environmental problems

A
  • coal, oil and gas release CO2
  • coal and oil releases sulfur dioxide
  • coal mining can spoil the view
  • oil spillages
  • nuclear waste
  • nuclear power
32
Q

Why we still depend on fossil fuels

A
  • electricity
  • oil is used to fuel cars
  • gas is used to heat homes and cook food
33
Q

Why people want more renewable energy resources

A
  • very damaging to the environment
  • non-renewables will run out
  • pressure from other countries
  • car companies have been affected by this change in attitude
34
Q

Renewables are limited

A
  • building power plants costs money
  • arguments of where to put them
  • some energy resources are unreliable
  • personal changes can be quite expensive

Monika Sucks Ass (7 decks)

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