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History A level > P1- Domestic struggles of Henry V 1413-1422 > Flashcards

P1- Domestic struggles of Henry V 1413-1422 Flashcards

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1
Q

When and how did Henry IV die?

A
  • Suffered with skin problems, but there was little agreement of what it actually was
  • Some believed it was punishment from God after executed Scrope
  • Died in Jerusalem Chambers, Westminster
  • 20th March 1413, aged 45
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2
Q

How much support was there for the Lollards before 1414?

A
  • Numbers are difficult to work out
  • Historians state the attention given is greater to the importance
    A lot of the texts survive
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3
Q

Reasons why the Lollards emerged

A
  • The Black death was seen as God’s punishment to man
  • The Papal Schism ended in the reign of Henry V in 1417
  • Growing criticism of the church
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4
Q

The social composition of Lollardy

A
  • Initially Lollard knights and Gaunt’s support appears to have given ideas in the nobility, declined towards the end of R’s reign. Suppressed by Henry
  • Educated “middling sort” seem the most committed.
  • little support from the lower classes due to emphasis on bible reading and was more stripped down churches. Rituals were popular
  • Government tended to link Lollardy with sedition, but doesn’t reflect correctly on Lollardy which at the time was not a social protest movement.
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5
Q

The geographical spread of Lollardy

A
  • mostly confined to the south and east England, Rex estimates this was scattered around key individuals
  • Number of proclamations issued under Arundel in 1408 show converns over London, Bristol, Coventry, Leicestershire and East Anglia
  • Oxford influenced lands in midlands near Welsh borders, seems to be very little in the North.
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6
Q

The geographical spread of Lollardy

A
  • mostly confined to the south and east England, Rex estimates this was scattered around key individuals
  • Number of proclamations issued under Arundel in 1408 show concerns over London, Bristol, Coventry, Leicestershire and East Anglia
  • Oxford influenced lands in midlands near Welsh borders, seems to be very little in the North.
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7
Q

Who was John Oldcastle?

A
  • Minor Genrty in Hertfordshire. Served against Henry with Glyndwr
  • 1408 married Kentish Heiress and became Lord Cobham at Cooling castle
  • Personal friend of Henry
  • Supported disendowment in 1410, expressed support for Hussites in Bohemia
  • Henry agreed to try him for heresy in 1413, king sentenced him to 40 day imprisonment to allow him to recant. Escaped from the tower
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8
Q

Why did Henry like the way he did in the Oldcastle rebellion in 1414

A
  • Henry tried to persuade Old castle for 40 days in tower
  • Henry unwilling to tolerate heresy due to personal piety but it risked splitting unity and losing vital international support at the time he wanted to lose the French
  • Henry intervened in a squabble between Arundel and Talbot. Dealt with both men not wanting to be distracted by anything prior to war planning
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9
Q

How serious was the Oldcastle plot in 1414?

A
  • unclear what the aims were, some suggest to kill the king and brothers and to impose Lollard reforms but few concrete plans exist
  • Letters sent out telling Lollard congregations to meet in London in January, disguised as mummers to assassinate or kidnap the king during the 12th Night festivities
    Some believe the government exaggerated the plot to justify a round up of religious dissidents. Significant number of suspected and held without trials.
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10
Q

How effectively did the government deal with the Oldcastle threat?

A

The rebellion failed
- Authorities warned and early arrests
- Royal army waiting for rebels at St Giles’ Fields
- May have been 200-250 involved
- Many joined for the pay
Appears to have dealt with threat
- Leicester parliament 1414 passed the statute of Lollards which linked to heresy and treason
- Parliament extended statute of riots to increase the powers of JPs and sheriffs and established legal commissions to look into unrest across the country

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11
Q

Did Lollardy disappear after 1414?

A
  • suppressions led a definite decline in Lollard ideas amongst gentry and court
  • Aided by censorship in the 1430s, no new treaties appeared to suggest that it had been eliminated in parts
  • Long-term Lollards celebrates as early protestants
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12
Q

Did Lollardy disappear after 1414?

A
  • suppressions led a definite decline in Lollard ideas amongst gentry and court
  • Aided by censorship in the 1430s, no new treaties appeared to suggest that it had been eliminated in parts
  • Long-term Lollards celebrates as early protestants
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13
Q

Long term effects of the Lollards

A
  • Arundel keen to use Oldcastle as a high profile example to prevent Lollardy posing a serious threat
  • When escaping and plotting, Oldcastle in a dangerous position
  • Made use of spies and intelligence networks
  • swift action improved reputation of Henry
  • 69 insurgents convicted of treason
  • Oldcastle escape and was on the run for 4 years
  • concern for domestic security
  • “statute of Lollards” increased the role of secular rulers in the investigation of heresy
  • 1411 statute of riots strengthened
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14
Q

Short term effects of the Lollards

A
  • Oldcastle’s activities unclear
  • number of individuals helped him at personal risk
  • No direct evidence to connect with Lollard rebellions
  • Henry’s popularity boosted by French campaigns in 1415
  • 1415 no further rebellion
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15
Q

What was the plan for the Southampton plot?

A
  • kill henry and brothers and put Mortimer on the throne

Put Mortimer on throne in his absence

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16
Q

What was Edmund Mortimer’s motives for the Cambridge plot?

A

Fined by Henry for marrying without permission, but joined too late and exposed it

17
Q

What was Richard, Earl of Cambridge’s motives for the Cambridge plot?

A

Raised peerage without financial rewards. Related to Mortimer and Percys

18
Q

What was Scrope’s motives for the Cambridge plot?

A

not an active plotter, related to Archbishop Scrope (executed) and Mortimer and Cambridge by marriage

19
Q

What was Thomas Grey’s motives for the Cambridge plot?

A

Related to Cambridge by children in law and the Percys

20
Q

What were the reasons for the Cambridge/ Southampton plot?

A

French were trying to disrupt Henry’s military preparations.

Another Percy plot against the Lancastrians

21
Q

What are more possibilities for the Cambridge plot?

A

French were trying to disrupt Henry’s military preparations.
Another Percy/ Northern plot against the Lancastrians
A plot by the Lollards to kill the king.
The plot had origins in Henry 4.

22
Q

What happened to the plotters of the Cambridge plot?

A
  • The Earl of March “found out” about the plan, informed the king in July whilst in Southampton
  • Scrope, Grey and Cambridge were arrested and beheaded
  • Earl of March was beheaded.
23
Q

What was the impact of war on France on the government?

A
  • Henry fought in France for a large period of his reign
  • 2 major campaigns were in 1415 and 1417-21
  • 1420 signed the treaty of Troyes, made the king of France on the death of Charles VI
24
Q

What was the structure of the government?

A
  • Country was ruler by a keeper and council
  • Henry’s brothers Bedford and Gloucester shared the role of keeper, Bedford until 1419
  • Henry kept the government of England fully informed about France
  • They ran routine government whilst Henry kept his prerogative powers with him
25
Q

How were taxes and parliament effected during the war with France?

A
  • Overall, Henry won the support of the commons
  • 1415-1517 granted 5 subsidies and 10 fifteenths over entire reign
  • £131,000 granted for Agincourt and £161, 000 in 1417
  • Granted wool subsidy in 1415
  • Money was given without any conditions
26
Q

The council, exchequer and finance during the war with France

A
  • The government borrowed money from individuals, with Henry Beaufort being a big lender
  • After 1417 the length of time the army was in conflict was a major achievement for royal finances as troops supplied from England
27
Q

Finances after the treaty of Troyes

A
  • Henry became ruler in waiting of France, but commons ensured they would not have to pay for French wars
    Henry returned to England in 1421 to collect men and money due to depleted monies he pledged the crown jewels for the security of the wars
  • Parliament didn’t give his a subsidy, evidence of war weariness in England
28
Q

What were other effects of the war with France?

A
  • Henry didn’t hear about the death of his brother in 1421
  • Thomas was killed by Armagnacs with their Scottish allies
  • Henry’s absence doesn’t have appeared to cause significant issues
  • Alliance with the Percys prevented Scottish attacks. Law and order appears to be kept to a certain extent
  • Focus of parliaments was the war with France, Lancastrian claim to the throne was no longer an issue
29
Q

Was there growing depotism?

A
  • Evidence he often acted in a cunning way to secure funding for wars.
  • Arrested stepmother and used her dowry of £6,000 for the war in France
  • Mortimer arrested in 1418.

History A level (8 decks)

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