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GCSE Geography Edexcel B > P1- Developing Dynamics > Flashcards

P1- Developing Dynamics Flashcards

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1
Q

Name an undeveloped country

A

Malawi

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2
Q

What do you call farmers who just provide for themselves?

A

Subsistence farmers

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3
Q

Name an economic development indicator

A
  • GDP or PPP
  • Poverty line
  • Measures of inequality
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4
Q

Name a social development indicator

A
  • Access to safe drinking water
  • Literacy rate
  • Crime rate
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5
Q

What is the HDI?

A

The human development index is a number between 0 and 1 which is affected by four factors:

  • Life Expectancy
  • Education (Literacy)
  • Education (Average length of schooling)
  • GDP per capita (Using purchasing power parity)
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6
Q

What is PPP?

A

Purchasing power parity measures what $1 can buy you in certain countries. For example, you can buy more for $1 in Malawi than in the UK.

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7
Q

What is the Corruption Perceptions Index?

A

Devised to help investors know where their money is safe, it’s a rank between 0 (very corrupt) to 10 (honest).

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8
Q

What can you tell from a pyramid shaped population pyramid?

A

The country in question has a high birth rate and short life expectancy.

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9
Q

What is birth rate?

A

Number of live births per 1000 people per year.

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10
Q

What is death rate?

A

Number of deaths per 1000 people per year.

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11
Q

What is dependency ratio?

A

Total number of people aged younger than 14 and older than 65 divided by the number of 15-64 year olds, multiplied by 100. The lower the number, the more workers and less dependant population a country has.

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12
Q

What is Fertility rate?

A

Average number of births per woman.

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13
Q

What is infant mortality?

A

Number of children per 1000 live births who die before their first birthday.

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14
Q

What is life expectancy?

A

The average number of years a person can expect to live.

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15
Q

What is maternal mortality rate?

A

The death of women while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy

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16
Q

What is the Brandt line?

A

The 1980 line which divides the rich and poor countries geographically. Except Australia and New Zealand primarily, the richest countries are in the Northern Hemisphere.

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17
Q

What is a HIC?

A

High income country

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18
Q

What is an LIC?

A

Low income country

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19
Q

MIC?

A

Middle Income Country

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20
Q

What is an NIC?

A

Newly industrialising country

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21
Q

What is an RIC?

A

Recently industrialising country

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22
Q

Name an MIC

A

Brazil and Chile

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23
Q

Name an NIC

A

Hong Kong, Singapore and Malaysia (also known as Asian Tigers).

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24
Q

Who are the BRICS?

A

Brazil, Russia, India, and China

25
Q

Main reasons that Malawi is so underdeveloped?

A
  • landlocked
  • rural isolation
  • changing climate
  • increased pollution
26
Q

What are Malawi’s economic barriers?

A

It imports high value product, but exports low value products. It’s exports are worth less that it’s imports.

27
Q

What are the different stages in Rostow’s theory?

A

1) Traditional Society
2) Pre-take off stage
3) Take off Stage
4) Drive to Maturity
5) High mass consumption

28
Q

What’s in a traditional society?

A
  • Most People in agriculture

- Subsistence Economy

29
Q

What is in the pre-take offstage?

A
  • Shift Form farming to manufacturing
  • Trade increases profits
  • Profits invested into new industries and infrastructure
  • Agriculture produces cash crops for sale
30
Q

What is in the take-off stage?

A
  • Rapid growth, investment and tech

- Requires increased profits from overseas trade

31
Q

What is in the drive to maturity?

A
  • Growth
  • Tech used throughout economy
  • Industries produce consumer goods
32
Q

What is in the high mass consumption stage?

A
  • a period of comfort
  • consumers enjoy a wide range of goods
  • societal disposable income of be spent on military, education, welfare or luxuries
33
Q

How can globalisation help Malawi?

A

If Malawi had more phone lines and more internet uses, it could have increased international trade, which could boost its economy

34
Q

What is globalisation?

A

Globalisation is the process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade and cultural exchange

35
Q

What is a TNC?

A

Trans-national company. A compact which conducts its business in multiple countries

36
Q

What UK based company invests money into India, for example, what is this type of investment called?

A

FDI- Foreign Direct Investment

37
Q

What does the Clark-Fisher model show?

A

The percentage of workers employed in different sectors

38
Q

How does the Clark-Fisher model show LICs or Pre-industrial countries?

A

They will have a large majority of their workforce in the primary sector. With very few secondary and tertiary sector workers

39
Q

How does the Clark-Fisher model show MICs or Industrial countries?

A

They will have almost half of the workforce in secondary sectors jobs. And the rest is made up from an even split of primary and tertiary

40
Q

How does the Clark-Fisher model show HICs or Post-industrial countries?

A

They will have most of the workforce in tertiary sector jobs, then secondary sector jobs and low amount of primary and quaternary sectors jobs

41
Q

What is the primary sector?

A

Primary industries extract raw materials. For example, farming and mining

42
Q

What is the secondary sector?

A

Secondary industries take raw materials and process them into manufactured goods and products. For example, food processing, oil refining and energy production

43
Q

What is the tertiary industry?

A

The tertiary industry involves the selling of services and skills. They can also involve selling goods and products from primary and secondary industries. For example, the health service, transportation, education, entertainment, tourism, finance, sales and retail

44
Q

What is the quaternary sector?

A

The quaternary sector consists of providing information services, such as computing, ICT, consultancy and Research and Development

45
Q

What is the population of India?

A

1.324 billion people (2016)

46
Q

What is India’s average economic growth rate?

A

7% per year since 1997

47
Q

What is India’s HDI score?

A

0.624 - Medium to high human development

48
Q

Life expectancy in India?

A

68.3 years

49
Q

Average years of schooling?

A

11.7 years

50
Q

How many people live in India’s urban slums?

A

40 million people x a quarter of its urban population

51
Q

Why is India benefiting from globalisation?

A

It has a cheap labour force, therefore TNCs are likely to invest for good profits margins

52
Q

How does India’s geography influence its growth?

A

India is situated between a large proportion of the wold’s top trading countries and shipping routes

53
Q

What is an NGO?

A

An NGO is a Non-Governmental organisation. For example, Water Aid

54
Q

Name a bottom up approach to development?

A

Water Aid

55
Q

Name a top down approach to development

A

The Three Gorges Dam

56
Q

What is crucial to India’s increased trade?

A
  • Containerisation
  • Shipping
  • Aircraft technology
57
Q

How many of the top ten outsourcing cities are in India?

A

6

These include: Bangalore, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, and Pune

58
Q

What happens in urban expansion?

A

Cities build things like apartment blocks that offer reasonably affordable housing on the outskirts of cities

59
Q

India’s wealth is unequally shared. Name one state which has a lot of wealth and name another that is very poor

A

Maharashtra (Wealthy)

Bihar (Poor)

GCSE Geography Edexcel B (4 decks)

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