P1 Flashcards
Land as soon as possible
Land without delay to the nearest suitable area (i.e. open field) in which a safe approach and landing is reasonably assured. (The primary consideration is to ensure the survival of the occupants.
Land as soon as practicable
The landing site and duration of the flight are at the discretion of the pilot. Extended flight beyond the nearest approved landing area is not recommended. (The primary consideration is the urgency of the emergency.)
“Autorotate”
- Collective - Adjust as required to maintain rotor RPM (90 - 107%)
- “Pedals - Adjust” Crab or slip as required
- “Throttle - Adjust as necessary” Close as required
- “Airspeed - Adjust” as required
“Emergency Shutdown”
- “Throttle - Closed”
- “Fuel Valve Switch - Off”
- “Batt Switch - OFF as desired” Before turning the battery switch off during an in-flight emergency, the pilot should consider a “MAYDAY” call, selecting emergency on the transponder and the possible effects of a total electrical failure.
“Engine Failure at a hover”
- “Autorotate”
- “Emer Shutdown” - Accomplish after landing.
“Engine Failure - Low Altitude/Airspeed or Cruise.”
- “Autorotate”
- “Emer Shutdown” - Accomplish during descent if time permits.
“Hot Start”
During starting and shutdown, if TOT limits are exceeded, or it becomes apparent that TOT limits may be exceeded, proceed as follows.
- “Starter button - Press and hold until TURB OUT TEMP is less than 200°C.”
- “Throttle - Closed.”
- “FUEL VALVE switch - OFF.”
- “Complete shutdown.”
Engine/Fuselage Fire - Flight
If a fire is observed during flight, prevailing circumstances such as VMC, IMC, night, altitude, landing area available must be considered in order to determine whether to execute a power-on, or power-off landing.
a. If power-on landing:
- “Land as soon as possible”
- Emer Shutdown - Accomplish after landing.
b. If power-off landing:
- Autorotate
- Emer shutdown - Accomplish during descent if time permits.
“Engine/fuselage/electrical fire - Ground”
“Emer Shutdown”
“Electrical Fire - Flight”
Prior to shutting off all electrical power, the pilot must consider the equipment that is essential to a particular flight environment that will be encountered. In the event og electrical fire or suspected electrical fire in flight:
- BATT and MAIN GEN switches - OFF
- IFR STDBY GEN switch - OFF
- Land as soon as possible
- Emergency shutdown - Accomplish after landing.
ENGINE OIL TEMPERATURE AND PRESSURE GAUGE
ENGINE OIL TEMPERATURE
- 0º C - 107º C Continuous Operation
- 107º C Maximum
ENGINE OIL PRESSURE
- 50 PSI Minimum below 78% N1
- 90 PSI Minimum from 78% to 94% N1
- 115 PSI Minimum above 94% N1, double wide arc
- 50 PSI Minimum, 130 PSI Maximum
NOTE
During cold temperature operation the oil pressure may exceed the maximum of 130 PSI. Stabilize the engine idle speed of 60 to 64% until the engine oil temperature is above 0º C and the engine oil pressure is within normal limits.
TURBINE OUTLET TEMPERATURE GAUGE
TURBINE OUTLET TEMPERATURE GAUGE
NOTE
The Red Warning light illuminates when either of the following conditions are exceeded: 810°C to 927°C for 10 seconds or higher than 927°C
▩ 100° to 738° Continuous Operation
▩ 738° to 810° Take-off Power Range (5 minute limit)
▩ 810°C Maximum
810°C to 843°C, 6 second transient limit (Not to be used intentionally)
🔴 927°C Maximum during starting and shutdown, 10 seconds maximum
GAS PRODUCER (N1)
GAS PRODUCER
▩ 60 to 105% Continuous Operation
▩ 105% Maximum
105% to 106% transient (15 seconds maximum)
DUAL TACHOMETER
ROTOR INDICATOR
▩ 90% Minimum Operation
▩ 50 to 60% Accelerate through this range
▩ 90 to 107% Normal Operation
▩ 107% Maximum
Power on Transient Rotor Droop Limit is 95%, 5 seconds maximum
POWER TURBINE INDICATOR
▩ 97% Minimum Operation
▩ 97 to 100% Continuous Operation
▩ 100% Maximum
N2 75% to 88%
60 seconds maximum (time not cumulative)
TORQUE METER
▩ 0 to 85% Continuous Operation
▩ > 85 to 100% Take-off Power Range (5 minute limit)
▩ 100% Maximum
Transient Torque Limit is 100 to 110% (5 seconds maximum)
INTENSIONAL USE IS PROHIBITED
WIND LIMITATIONS
WIND LIMITATIONS
a. The Helicopter can be started in a maximum wind velocity of 45 knots and a maximum gust spread of 15 knots.
NOTE
Gust spreads are not normally reported. To obtain spread, compare minimum and maximum velocities.
b. Maximum wind for hovering is 35 knots crosswind and 30 knots tailwind.
c. For Hover operations at gross weights above 3200 lbs:
- IGE maneuvers - refer to chapter 8
- OGE maneuvers - calm wind only.
ENGINE STARTER LIMITS
a. If there is no rise in TOT with in the first 20 seconds of energizing, limit starter energizing time to the following:
External Power
25 seconds - ON
30 seconds - OFF
25 seconds - ON
30 seconds - OFF
25 seconds - ON
30 MINUTES - OFF
Battery
40 seconds - ON
60 seconds - OFF
40 seconds - ON
60 seconds - OFF
40 seconds - ON
30 MINUTES - OFF
b. If there is a rise in TOT within the first 20 seconds of energizing the starter, limit starter energizing time to the following;
EXTERNAL/BATTERY POWER
1 Minute - ON
1 Minute - OFF
1 Minute - ON
1 Minute - OFF
1 Minute - ON
30 Minute - OFF
ENGINE STARTING LIMITATIONS
During starting if N1 does not reach 58% in a total time of 45 seconds (or 60 seconds below 10ºC FAT), close throttle and press starter button until TOT is below 200 ºC. If engine fails to start on third attempt, abort start and make entry on DA Form 2408-13-1. Starter engage time limits above do not apply to engine starting limitations should abort start procedures become necessary.
Warning definition
An operating procedure, practice, etc. which if not correctly followed could result in personal injury or loss of life
Caution definition
An operating procedure, practice, etc. which if not strictly observed could result in damage to, or destruction of equipment.
Note definition
An operating procedure, condition etc. which is essential to highlight.
PP card questions
- Why do you fill out OGE
- Significant increase: more than 5*C, 500´ PA or 100 lbs GWT
- Max Tq < 100/85% is an enginge limit
- limited by TOT
- Reduce by 4% if using bleed air
- Fuel consumtion increase
- Heater, 2,7%
- Enging Anti ice 4,7%
- Total 7,4%
- Max climb
- Use max avalible Tq and Max Climb speed (R/C)
- Know the deference between max range and max endurance
- The hover charts are based on calm wind conditions, a level ground surface, and the use of 100% Rotor/engine RPM.
