P/S MCAT 02

Question 1

What is a reference group?

Answer 1

the group to which we compare ourselves

Question 2

The degree to which we see ourselves as being capable of a skill or in a given situation is called?

Answer 2

self-efficacy

Question 3

In a hopeless situation, self efficacy can be diminished to ?

Answer 3

learned helplessness

Question 4

Freud’s psychosexual stages of personality, caused by tensions from the libido include?

Answer 4

oral, anal, phallic, latent, genital

Question 5

Erikson’s stages of psychosocial development, arising from conflict includes

Answer 5

trust vs mistrust, autonomy vs shame and doubt, initiative vs guilt, industry vs inferiority, identity vs role confusion, intimacy vs isolation, generativity vs stagnation, integrity vs despair

Question 6

Kohlberg’s stages of moral development include

Answer 6

preconventional (avoiding punishment & aiming at reward), conventional(good child & loyalty to law), postconventional(social contract with a sense of justice & universal ethical principle)

Question 7

describe the id, ego and superego

Answer 7

id - base urges of survival and reproduction, ego - mediator between the id and superego, superego - the idealist and perfectionist

Question 8

The big five personality traits are

Answer 8

OCEAN - openness, conscientiousness(being diligent), extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism

Question 9

The idea that people mold their environment according to their personalities and those environments in turn shape their thoughts, feelings and behavior is called?

Answer 9

reciprocal determinism

Question 10

depressive disorders include

Answer 10

major depressive disorder and seasonal affective disorder

Question 11

high level of glucocorticoids and low levels of norepinephrine, serotonin, dopamine are characteristic of?

Answer 11

depression

Question 12

Bipolar I disorder contains?

Answer 12

at least one manic episode

Question 13

Bipolar II disorder contains

Answer 13

at least one major depressive and one hypomanic episode

Question 14

Cyclothymic disorder contains

Answer 14

hypomanic episodes with dysthymia(persistent depressive disorder)

Question 15

High levels of norepinephrine and serotonin hint at

Answer 15

bipolar disorders

Question 16

the disproportionate and persistent worry about many different things for at least six months is ?

Answer 16

generalized anxiety disorder

Question 17

anxiety due to social and performance situations is termed?

Answer 17

social anxiety disorder

Question 18

a disorder marked by panic attacks, fear and stimulation of sympathetic nervous system with no stimulus is termed

Answer 18

panic disorder, which may lead to agoraphobia

Question 19

PTSD is characterized by

Answer 19

intrusion symptoms, avoidance symptoms, negative cognitive symptoms and arousal symptoms

Question 20

Inability to recall past experience that would not typically be lost with ordinary forgetting

Answer 20

dissociative amnesia

Question 21

Dissociative fugue occurs

Answer 21

when a sudden change in location that may involve the assumption of a new identity

Question 22

The occurrence of two or more personalities that take control of a person’s behavior is?

Answer 22

dissociative identity disorder

Question 23

feelings of detachment from the mind and body or the environment is termed

Answer 23

depersonalization/derealization disorder

Question 24

The tendency of people to perform at a different level based on the fact that others are around

Answer 24

social facilitation

Question 25

The loss of self awareness in large groups, that can lead to drastic changes in behavior

Answer 25

deindividuation

Question 26

The tendency toward making decisions in a group that are more extreme than the thoughts of the individual group members

Answer 26

group polarization

Question 27

the tendency for groups to make decisions based on ideas and solutions that arise within the group without considering outside ideas is ?

Answer 27

groupthink

Question 28

Define compliance

Answer 28

This is when individuals change their behavior based on the requests of others

Question 29

Methods of gaining compliance include

Answer 29

foot-in-the door, door-in-the-face, lowball, that’s-not-all techniques

Question 30

The four functional areas of attitudes are

Answer 30

knowledge, ego expression, adaptability, ego defense

Question 31

The learning theory states that attitudes are developed through?

Answer 31

direct contact, direct interaction, direct instruction, conditioning

Question 32

Elaboration likelihood model states that attitudes are formed and changed through ?

Answer 32

different routes of information processing based on the degree of elaboration (central route processing, peripheral route processing). The central route is logic-driven and uses data and facts to convince people of an argument’s worthiness. the peripheral route relies on association with positive characteristics such as positive emotions and celebrity endorsement.

Question 33

What theory states attitudes are formed through observation of behavior, personal factors and environment

Answer 33

social cognitive theory