P P E

Question 1

Prosthesis

Answer 1

is an artificial replacement of an absent part of the human body, a therapeutic device to improve or alter function

Question 2

Dental prosthesis, Restoration / prosthetic appliance

Answer 2

All kind of tooth replacement which is in connection with the teeth, it replaces a tooth, or it is anchored by teeth.
An artificial replacement for one or more natural teeth or part of a tooth, or associated structures, ranging from a portion of a tooth to a complete denture.
A broad term applied to any material or prosthesis, that restores or replaces lost tooth structure, teeth or oral tissues (inlay, onlay, overlay, laminate, crown, post and core, bridge, removable denture, obturator)

Question 3

Dental prosthesis

Answer 3

in a narrower sense is a medical device that replaces tooth or teeth, and if necessary the associated structures as well with a biocompatible artificial material.

Question 4

Fixed dental prosthesis–general meaning

Answer 4

any dental prosthesis (inlay, onlay, overlay, laminate, crown, post and core, bridge) that is cemented, screwed or mechanically attached or otherwise securely retained to natural teeth, tooth roots, and/or dental implant abutments that furnish the primary support for the dental prosthesis. A fixed prosthesis can be retained on implants by screw, and it can be then removed without the damage of the prosthesis.

Question 5

Removable dental prosthesis

Answer 5

any dental prosthesis that replaces one or more or all the teeth in a partially or totally edentulous arch. It can be removed from the mouth and replaced at will, it can be readily inserted and removed without damaging the anchors or abutments

Question 6

Complete denture

Answer 6

A removable dental prosthesis that replaces the entire dentition and associated structures of the maxillae or mandible; called a complete removable dental prosthesis.

Question 7

Removable partial denture

Answer 7

It is a dental device that restores one or more, but not all the natural teeth and associated structures, its retention and support are provided by the natural teeth (dental implants) and/or mucosa (and under it the bone). It occupies more space in the mouth then the teeth, the mucosa and the edentulous ridge are also covered, it is connected to the natural teeth, and the patient himself can remove and insert it.

Question 8

Anatomical crown

Answer 8

(corona dentis) That portion of a tooth, which is occlusal from the dentinoenamel junction, covered by enamel, it is appropriate for biting and/or chewing.

Question 9

Clinical crown

Answer 9

the portion of a tooth that extends from the occlusal table or incisal edge to the free gingival margin, part of the tooth, which can be seen in the oral cavity, is suitable for chewing, its length is changing through lifetime.

Question 10

Full coverage crown

Answer 10

an artificial replacement that restores the missing tooth structure by surrounding the appropriately prepared tooth, post and core or implant-abutment surface, gives back its anatomical form and function, it is cemented to the prepared tooth surface. (it can be also fixed by screwing to dental implant abutments). This way the crown replaces the due to caries or other damage lost tooth structure, or it makes the tooth with discoloration, irregular shape or position more esthetic, or provides anchorage for another prosthetic appliance.

Question 11

Partial veneer crown

Answer 11

is a restoration that restores all but one coronal surface of a prepared tooth (mesial, distal, lingual, and occlusal/incisal), usually not covering the buccal/labial surface, this way the original color and shape of the tooth remains almost intact. In the molar region sometimes instead of the vestibular surface the oral surface can be free of preparation and coverage.

Question 12

Chemical protection of the prepared tooth

Answer 12

Process used for decreasing the dentinal sensitivity of an abutment prepared for crown or for laminate veneer, by sealing the opened dentin tubules. Usually coating solutions are used for this purpose.

Question 13

Prosthetic protection of the prepared tooth

Answer 13

Process used for decreasing the harmful consequences of preparation of an abutment prepared for crown or for laminate veneer, like dentinal sensitivity, tooth migration, aesthetic, phonetic disadvantages, and changes in occlusal relations. Usually temporary crowns or bridges are produced for this purpose.

Question 14

Scutan method

Answer 14

A method used for creating immediate crowns or bridges. In essence an elastic impression is taken prior to tooth preparation and the original shape of the teeth are recorded by this impression.

Question 15

Tangentional preparation (feather edge, knife edge, chisel edge)

Answer 15

if a tangent, straight line, is fit to the axial walls of the prepared tooth surface, this line has contact with the whole axial surface. Knife edge praparation is a tapered preparation that has maximum tooth reduction at occlusal, incisal surfaces and tapers to zero cutting at the gingival termination.
Advantage: simple, easy to make, conservation of tooth structure, the chance for pulp damage is small, excess cement can flow out from the crown at insertion
Disadvantages: it can be difficult to recognize the end of prepared surface on the die (consequence: crown may be to long, too wide – the marginal fit is not precise), subgingival preparation line has to be done; consequence: difficult impression taking. It doesn’t provide sufficient bulk for the cast crown.
Indications: cast metal crown, metal ceramic crown –with metal collar

Question 16

Shoulder finish line

Answer 16

a finish line design for tooth preparation in which the gingival floor meets the external axial surfaces at right angle or obtuse angle, this angle can be rounded or cornered.

Question 17

90º shoulder finish line

Answer 17

a finish line design for tooth preparation in which the gingival floor meets the external axial surfaces at approximately a right angle.
Advantage: distinct margin, easy to make relating to chamfer, provides optimal aesthetic, and enough bulk for the restorative material
Disadvantage: great amount of tooth structure is removed, chance for pulp damage is great, cannot be carried out on all the teeth
Indications: full ceramic crown (rounded inner angle), facial margin of metal ceramic crown

Question 18

Chamfer finish line (Orton finish line)

Answer 18

a finish line design for tooth preparation in which the gingival aspect meets the external axial surface at a rounded obtuse angle.
Advantage: distinct margin, easy to recognize on the die, excess cement can flow out from the crown at insertion, adequate bulk, if the chamfer is deep enough,
Disadvantage: care needed to avoid unsupported lip of enamel, more difficult preparation, if not enough deep, there is not enough place for metal ceramic crown, more tooth tissue has to be removed
Indications: first choice in many cases, cast metal crown, metal-ceramic crown

Question 19

Retention form

Answer 19

the feature of a tooth preparation that resists dislodgment of a crown in a vertical direction or along the path of placement. Forces are bigger in case of an abutment tooth, eg. clasp holding crown, precision attachment.

Question 20

Resistance form

Answer 20

the features of a tooth preparation that enhance the stability of a restoration and resist dislodgment along an axis other than the path of placement (not vertical forces)

Question 21

Covered tooth/die surface

Answer 21

the area of the prepared tooth covered by the marginal gingiva

Question 22

Impression

Answer 22

is the negative likeness of the teeth and surrounding structures, which contains those areas of the mouth where the planned restoration will be fabricated as well as the surrounding hard and soft tissues and their real surface configuration.

Question 23

Anatomical or preliminary impression

Answer 23

a negative likeness of the oral structures, over dimensioned, records a static status. It is made for the purpose of diagnosis, treatment planning, documentation or the fabrication of a special/individual tray

Question 24

Precision impression

Answer 24

A highly precise impression which contains all the oral structures which are necessary to prepare a dental appliance especially the prepared tooth surfaces (also the prepared but covered tooth surfaces) and from which a highly precise cast can be obtained

Question 25

Cast

Answer 25

a life-size likeness of some desired form. Cast is a positive reproduction of a part or parts of the oral cavity, which is created by the pouring plaster into any type of impression.

Question 26

Diagnostic (study) cast

Answer 26

Life-size reproduction of a part or parts of the oral cavity for the purpose of study and treatment planning (inclination of teeth, planning of partial prosthesis, or implantation, orthodontics) or documentation (record of initial and terminal state)

Question 27

Anatomical/preliminary cast

Answer 27

Positive copy of the oral structures, a cast formed from the anatomical/preliminary impression for use in diagnosis or the fabrication of an individual/special tray.

Question 28

Precision cast

Answer 28

is a highly accurate positive reproduction of a part or parts of the oral cavity which is created by the pouring the plaster/dental stone into the precision impression, it contains all the oral structures necessary to fabricate the dental appliance (also the covered tooth/die surfaces), the die (for which the crown, etc. is prepared) can be removed and inserted into the exact original position in the cast

Question 29

Removable die system

Answer 29

a segmented final cast system that permits accurate removal and replacement of dies of individually prepared teeth

Question 30

Temporary crown

Answer 30

A prosthetic appliance which is prepared for the time period between the tooth preparation and the delivery of the definitive crown, generally it is fixed with temporary cement, in order to be able to removal and fit again during try in sessions.

Question 31

Jacket crown

Answer 31

a fixed dental prosthesis that restores a clinical crown covering the prepared surfaces without a supporting metal framework. It can be prepared in resin, acrylic, ceramic.

Question 32

Laminate veneer

Answer 32

a thin bonded ceramic or acrylic restoration that restores the facial surface and part of the proximal surfaces of teeth requiring esthetic restoration.

Question 33

Post-retained core/ post-and-core/dowel

Answer 33

is a tool, fitted into the prepared root canal of the tooth (after root canal filling), with the aim to build up the missing coronal part of the tooth in order to provide retention and support for the artificial crown. We use it when there is not enough tooth structure to anchor a crown or a bridge. It provides a base for later restoration.

Question 34

Cast post and core (custom made post-and-core)

Answer 34

is a cast metal tool, fitted into the prepared root canal of the tooth (after root canal filling), with the aim to build up the missing coronal part of the tooth in order to provide retention and support for the artificial crown. We use it when there is not enough tooth structure to anchor a crown or a bridge. It provides a base for later restoration

Question 35

Root post

Answer 35

a one-piece foundation restoration for an endodontically treated tooth that comprises a post within the root canal and a core can be produced together with the post or cast on it, or build up with composite or glas ionomer cement. We use it when there is not enough tooth structure to anchor a crown or a bridge. It provides a base for later restoration

Question 36

Prosthetic value of the teeth

Answer 36

means how appropriate is a tooth for prosthetic purpose. 
Grade I (primary) abutments: upper central incisors, upper and lower canines and molars, 
Grade II (secondary) abutments: upper and lower premolars
Grade III (tertiary) abutments: lower incisors, upper lateral incisors
Wisdom teeth can’t be graded

Question 37

Fixed partial dental prosthesis /bridge

Answer 37

Fixed prosthesis, which is prepared for the replacement of one or more teeth, it is anchored to the natural teeth (or dental implants) adjacent to the missing teeth. It transmits the load to the jaw similar to natural teeth (periodontium) and does not occupy more place than the missing teeth. Generally it cannot be removed without the damage of the anchors (crowns).

Question 38

Retainer of the bridge

Answer 38

That part of a bridge which connects the retainer and the pontic, that way it fixes the bridge to the abutment. It transfers the masticatory force to the abutment, and protects the abutment.

Question 39

Abutment of a bridge

Answer 39

natural tooth or root built up with a post and core, sometimes dental implant, on which the bridge is retained and supported. Abutments are the part of the bridge used to support the replacement of the missing teeth (pontics).

Question 40

Classification of partial edentulousness according to Fábián and Fejérdy

Answer 40

the aim of the classification is to help denture design. It is established on the possibilities of the standing teeth for the dental support and anchorage of the planned denture, if a torque arises on the inserted prosthesis, where is the torque, and whether the denture sinks or rocks. The Fábián and Fejérdy classification of partial edentulousness is characterized by the following statements: it differentiates the upper dental arch from the lower one, there are 3 main classes, has a subtotal class, gives instructions for treatment. It has a good functional aspect

Question 41

Fábián-Fejérdy classification class 1A

Answer 41

There can be one or more primary fulcrum lines, but after the prosthesis is inserted none of these becomes an actual rotational axis, torque does not arise on the axis of rotation, and the prosthesis doesn’t sink in any direction. Dental support is possible

Question 42

Fábián-Fejérdy classification class 1B

Answer 42

There can be one or more primary fulcrum lines from which one can become an real axis of rotation after the prosthesis is inserted. The moment of rotation is small, so the sinking of the tooth supported denture can be compensated for. There is a torque, but it can be compensated for, if we use more abutments for the anchorage. Fix prosthesis can be made.

Question 43

Fábián-Fejérdy classification class 2A

Answer 43

There can be only one primary fulcrum line, but one or more secondary fulcrum lines. After inserting the denture, the primary axis of rotation may turn in an actual axis of rotation, and the denture rotating around this axis may sink in one direction. Tooth and mucosa support. The remaining teeth or the edentulous ridge is in one block. A removable partial denture can be made.

Question 44

Fábián-Fejérdy classification class 2A/1

Answer 44

There is only one fulcrum line, and this primary fulcrum line becomes a real axis of rotation after the denture is inserted, the denture rotating around this axis, may sink in one direction. Mucosa and tooth supported Long edentulous ridge, subtotal edentulousness. A removable partial denture can be made.

Question 45

Fábián-Fejérdy classification class 2B

Answer 45

There can be two or more primary fulcrum lines, from which one may become a real axis of rotation after the denture is inserted. The denture rotating around this axis may sink in one direction. The remaining teeth aren’t situated in one block, combination of free end saddle and short span ridges. A removable partial denture can be made.

Question 46

Fábián-Fejérdy classification class 3

Answer 46

There can be one or more primary fulcrum lines from which one or more may become a real axis of rotation after the denture is inserted, the denture rotating around them can sink in two directions, and it may rock. Mucosa and tooth supported. Very long edentulous ridges, teeth are situated diagonal. A removable partial denture can be made.