(P) Lec 4: Acid-Base Balance (Part 1) Flashcards
A substance that can donate hydrogen ions when dissolved in water
Acid
A substance that accepts a hydrogen ion but also donates a hydroxyl ion (OH-) when dissolved in water
Base
The more hydrogen ions, the more ____ the solution is
Acidic (pH of < 7)
Bicarbonate, phosphorous, and sodium hydroxide are bases that when dissolved in water, can yield ____ ions
Hydroxyl (OH-)
Strong vs. Weak Acids and Bases
- These completely dissociate when placed in an aqueous solution. They give off as many hydrogen ions that they can give.
- These are partially broken down or dissociated and give off lesser hydrogen ions.
- Strong
- Weak
Physiologically Important Acids
The 2 most commonly involved in acid-base balance are what?
- Carbonic Acid (H2CO3)
- Phosphoric Acid (H3PO4)
A strong acid maintains a pKa of < ____ while a strong base has a pKb of > ____
- pKa = < 3
- pKb = > 9
TOF: pKa and pKb stand for the dissociation constants of acids and bases
False (Ka and Kb are the dissociation constants)
Dissociation Constants
These (2) formulae will be used to compute for the pH; an expanded Henderson Hasselbalch equation
pKa = -log(Ka)
pKb = -log(Kb)
The negative logarithm of ionization that is constant for every acid. That constant is defined as the ability of the acid to dissociate in water; the pH wherein protonated and unprotonated components are equal in concentration.
Acid Dissociation Constant (Ka)
Acids
- When HCl is dissolved with water or an aqueous solution, it dissociates producing what 2 components?
- When carbonic acid dissolves with water, it yields what 2 components?
- Hydrogen + Chloride ion
- Hydrogen + Bicarbonate
Acids
- When bicarbonates accept hydrogen, that yields what product?
- When phosphorus accepts hydrogen from acid then it will produce what?
- Carbonic acid
- Phosphoric acid
Maintaining Physiologic pH
Under normal conditions, acids and bases are constantly (added to/removed from) extracellular fluid compartments
Added to
What are the 3 lines of defense in maintaining physiologic pH?
- Buffer mechanism
- Respiratory mechanism
- Renal mechanism
Two Important Organs for Maintaining the pH of the Body
- The one responsible for the respiratory control of CO2
- For the reclaiming of bicarbonate from the glomerular filtrate
- Lungs (respiratory mechanism and component)
- Kidneys (renal mechanism and metabolic component)
These are solutions that resist changes in pH when acid or alkali is added, it is a mixture of a weak acid and salt of its conjugate base or weak base with its salt and a strong acid
Buffer
A buffer is a mixture of:
1. Weak acid + ____
2. Weak base and it’s salt + ____
- Salt of conjugate base
- Strong acid
Note: Conjugate salts are with weak acids and bases
This formula is for weak acids + conjugate bases and/or weak bases + strong acids
Henderson-Hasselback Equation
Buffer systems of blood, tissue fluids and cells immediately (combine/dissociate) with acids or bases to prevent excessive changes in the concentration of hydrogen ions
Combine
What is the principal buffer of PLASMA (ECF)?
Bicarbonate buffer (NaHCO3/H2CO3)
What is the principal buffer of ERYTHROCYTES?
Hemoglobin buffer (KHb/HHb/KHbO2/HHbO2)
What is the principal buffer of INTRACELLULAR FLUID?
Phosphate buffer (K2HPO4/KH2PO4)
In the ECF, the bicarbonate buffer is considered as the principal buffer with the pKa of what?
6.1
A phosphate buffer works best within what organ?
Kidneys (lobules)