(P) Genetic Principles Flashcards
A DNA segment
It dictates what characteristic a particular organism’s body will have
Is inherited from our parents’ DNA mixing together
Chromosomes
Structures within the nucleus containing DNA
It’s what carries our genes
Chromosome
Cell division in somatic cells - nucleated cells
mitosis
Cell division in gametes–e.g. sperm cells and egg cell
During division, the number of chromosomes decreases; that’s why a sperm and egg cell only carry 23 chromosomes each to form 1 normal cell with 46 chromosomes (23 sets)
meiosis
the visible physical expression of inherited traits
The result of the interaction between the genotypes
Is interchangeable with the term “antigen present in the patient’s RBC”
phenotype
Actual genes inherited from each parent
These principles can be used for maternity and paternity testing
genotype
a gene that has no presence of both A and B gene
amporph genes
what is the most immunogenic / antigenic among the Rh antigens as it is more prominent / exposed
Rh inheriance
which one is more exposed?
a. ABO system
b. Rh antigens
a
dictates the (+) or (-) typing of the blood
D antigens
a. genetic alleles
b. genetic loci
c. alleles
4. allelic genes
- location of a gene in a chromosome
- a group of genes located at a specific location
- several forms or groups of genes in a certain locus
- a combination of genes located at a specific locus
BCAD
What is the opposite antigen produced by allelic genes
antithetical
Genetic system that expresses two or more alleles in one locus
dictates the frequency of a particular phenotype in a population
polymorphism
which is more polymorphic?
a. ABO
b. Rh blood group
b
a. MHC class 1
b. MHC Class 2
- HLA A
- HLA B
- HLA C
- HLA D
- A
- A
- A
- B
this is done to to find compatible (almost identical) MHC molecules so that upon transplantation, it will not be rejected immediately alongside the effect of immunosuppressant drugs
HLA typing
inheritance patterns (no choices kaya niyo na yan)
- both are expressed, no suppression
- whatever id dominant will be expressed and recessive will be supressed
- will onlly be expressed if both genes are recessive
- codominant
- dominant
- recessive
what are the two types of silent genes
amorph and supressor genes
What are the only two blood group systems in silet genes that have a suppressor genes
lutheran and Kidd
Mendelian theory of inheritance
- A blood group Ag is inherited on different chromosomes which are expressed separately and discretely
- Passing of one gene from each parent to offspring
- The genes are not related to each other
- independent assortment
- independent segregation
- independent assortment
what is the only sex chromosomal blood group?
Xg
What are the blood groups in chromosome 1?
Rh and Duffy
What are the blood groups in chromosome 4?
MNSs
What are the blood groups in chromosome 7?
Kell
What are the blood groups in chromosome 9
ABO
What are the blood groups in chromosome 18
Kidd
What are the blood groups in chromosome 19
Lewis, Lutheran, Hh
What are the blood groups that exhibit dosage
MNSs
Rh (except D Ag)
Duffy
Lutheran
Kidd
What are the two types of genetic interaction
cis and trans
- Two genes are inherited together due them being very close on a chromosome
linkage
Linked set of genes inherited together due to close proximity on a chromosome
haplotypes
Refers to the phenomenon of antigens occurring at different frequencies in a population
Linkage disequilibrium
Exchange of materials during meiosis between paired chromosomes
crossing over
possession of 2 blood groups
chimerism
