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Neet 2024 > P Block > Flashcards

P Block Flashcards

1
Q

What are apatites

A

Minerals of phosphorus.. they occur in rocks..
Ex- ** Ca10(PO4)6X2 **

Here X - F , Cl , OH.. iske alava nhi ho skta koi aur

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2
Q

Discuss Ionisation energy 1 for group 15

A

Very high Ionisation energy

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3
Q

Brief about the physical state of group 15

A

Nitrogen exists as gas coz pπ-pπ bond

Rest cannot form pπ-pπ bonds hence exist as tetramers

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4
Q

Discuss about hydrides of group 15

A

Thermal stability.. Lewis base strength… And bond angle decreases down the group.

Reducing power and size of hydrides increases down the group

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5
Q

Give order for mp and bp of group 15 hydrides

A

MP— PH3 < AsH3 < SbH3 < NH3

BP—- PH3 < AsH3 < NH3 < SbH3 < BiH3

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6
Q

Give stability of +3 +5 and -3 oxidation state of group 15 elements

A

Stability of -3 and +5 decreases down the group…while +3 ki stability increases down the group due to inert pair effect

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7
Q

Wat is inert pair effect

A

Poor shielding of f and d causes inner electrons to be tightly bound to nucleus and hence low oxidation becomes more stable

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8
Q

Types of halides of group 15
Does Nitrogen form both the halides?

A

MX3 and MX5…
MX5 is more covalent than MX3

nitrogen does not form MX5 coz no vacant d orbital..

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9
Q

Which oxide of nitrogen is k/a the laughing gas

A

Dinitrogen oxide.. nitrous oxide.. ( N2O)
NEUTRAL OXIDE

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10
Q

Explain about the sesquioxide of nitrogen

A

N2O3
acidic oxide
Blue solid
Anhydride of HNO2 (nitrous acid)

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11
Q

Give important points of Nitrogen dioxide

A

NO2.. reddish brown gas.. acidic oxide
Mixed anhydride of HNO2 and HNO3.
odd electron molecule and paramagnetic.

Nitrogen dioxide at low temperature dimerises to form N2O4 (dinitrogen tetraoxide) which is colourless acidic and diamagnetic oxide

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12
Q

Which is the most stable allotrope of phosphorus? And how is it formed?

A

Black phosphorus

Red p -803k—– alpha black phosphorus

White P —-473k and high pressure —— beta black phosphorus (polymeric )

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13
Q

Which is the most reactive allotrope of phosphorus

A

White phosphorus.. catches fire in air hence stored under water.
Molecular solid.
Chemiluminiscence
Poisonous
Soluble in CS2.. not soluble in water

Most reactive due to angle strain(60°)

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14
Q

Wat describes the basicity of oxoacids?

A

Basicity of oxoacids is due to O-H bonds

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15
Q

How would you know that an oxoacid is a strong reducing agent

A

By seeing the number / presence of P-H BONDS

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16
Q

Hypophosphorous VS hypophosphoric

A

Hypophosphorous - H3PO2 (phosphinic acid)
Monobasic.. strong reducing agent..

Hypophosphoric — H4P2O6
has P-P bond.
Not a reducing agent

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17
Q

ORTHOPHOSPHOROUS
VS
ORTHOPHOSPHORIC

A

ORTHOPHOSPHOROUS
H3PO3
**phosphonic acid **
Dibasic and reducing agent

ORTHOPHOSPHORIC
H3PO4
tribasic acid (paani mein 3 h+ dega)

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18
Q

PYROPHOSPHOROUS
VS
PYROPHOSPHORIC

A

PYROPHOSPHOROUS
H4P2O5
has p-o-p bond

PYROPHOSPHORIC
**H4P2O7 **
Has p-o-p bond

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19
Q

Difference between PHOSPHORUS and PHOSPHORIC

A

Structure bnao.. PHOSPHORIC mein saare OH and ek double bond o..

And PHOSPHOROUS mein el double bond o and 2 OH and ek PH

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20
Q

Metaphosphoric acid ke two forms?( HPO3)

A

1) cyclotrimetaphosphoric acid
(HPO3)3= H3P3O9
P-O-P BOND in cyclic ring..

2)polymetaphosphoric acid
P-O-P bond.

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21
Q

How to prepare pure Nitrogen

A

By thermal decomposition of azides (N3- ions)

22
Q

Write reaction for ammonium dichromate ka thermal decomposition to prepare nitrogen

A

(NH4)2Cr2O7——– N2 + Cr2O3 + H20

Ammonium dichromate is a very powerful oxidising agent

23
Q

Test for NH3

A

Using nessler’s reagent
K2[HgI4]

Nh3 with nessler’s reagent and a base forms .. ** iodide of millons base** which is a brown ppt
H2N-Hg-O-Hg-I

24
Q

Prepration of nessler’s reagent

A

HgCL2+2Ki—-Hgi2 +2KCL
! (Excess KI)
!
K2[HgI4]

25
Q

For wat is OSTWALD process used?

A

For industrial preparation of HNO3 (NITRIC ACID) OSTWALD process is used.

Step 1- oxidation of NH3 — NO..
Step 2- oxidation of NO— NO2
Step 3 hydrolysis of
NO2— HNO3 + NO

26
Q

Test for NO3- ions

A

Brown ring test

[Fe(H2O)5(NO)]SO4

Os of fe—- +1
Os of No—- +1 (yhaan NO neutral nhi coz voh apna ek e- fe ko dekar use +1 mein laata)

27
Q

Properties of phosphine gas (PH3)

A

Colourless
Highly poisonous
Rotten fish smell
Very less soluble in water

Explodes in contact with oxidising agents like HNO3 CL2

Aq Solution of ph3 decomposes in light to give red p and h2

It is a weak lewis base

Pure phosphine is non- inflammable but becomes inflammable due to impurities of P2H4(diphosphane) and P4 vapours

28
Q

Thionyl chloride is used in preparation of?

A

Thionyl chloride - SOCL2
Used in preparation of phosphorus trichloride

29
Q

Sulphuryl chloride is used in preparation of?

A

Sulphuryl chloride - SO2CL2 is used in preparation of phosphorus pentachloride

30
Q

Wat is POCL3

A

Phosphoryl chloride. On reaction with water it gives H3PO4 and HCl

31
Q

PCL5 WITH excess water reaction and PCL5 WITH less water reaction

A

Excess water-(more water)
Product - H3PO4 (ORTHOPHOSPHORIC acid) and hcl

Less water-
Product - POCL3 (phosphoryl chloride) and hcl

32
Q

Can PCL5 act as an reducing agent?

A

NO. PCL5 can only act as in oxidising agent coz ye already+5 mein hai

33
Q

Order of electron gain enthalpy for group 16

A

S> Se> Te> Po> O
( Oxygen ki least)
(Sulphur ki maxm) (-ve)

34
Q

Comment on stability of os— +4 and +6

A

Stability of +6 decreases down the group..
Stability of +4 increases down the group

35
Q

Order of mp and bp of hydrides of group 16

A

H2S < H2Se< H2Te< H2O

Hydrides of 16 behave same as 15
Acidic strength increases down the group

36
Q

Comment on the existence of SO3 in gaseous and solid state

A

In gaseous state -
Sp2 planar.. resonance hybrid

In solid state.. sp3 cyclic trimer

37
Q

Puckered ring structure is seen in which allotrope of sulphur

A

Yellow rhombic sulphur (angle- 108°) aka alpha sulphur
Most stable form at room temperature
S8 molecular solid
Insoluble in water

38
Q

Wat is transition temperature

A

At 369k both beta and alpha form of sulphur are stable and this temp os called transition temperature

39
Q

Does sulphur exist at very high temperature like 1000k??

A

Yes.. as S2 molecule which is PARAMAGNETIC due to unpaired π° amo (like O2)

40
Q

Gove similarities in the 7 oxoacids of sulphur

A

All are dibasic
Sulphur in all is sp3 hybridised

41
Q

Wat is peroxomonosulphuric acid

A

Caro’s acid
H2SO5

42
Q

Wat is peroxodisulphuric acid

A

Aka MARSHALL’S ACID
H2S2O8

43
Q

Is ozone thermodynamically unstable ?

A

Yes.. Ozone is thermodynamically unstable than oxygen.. so high conc of ozone can be dangerously explosive

44
Q

Properties of ozone

A

Violet black solid
Dark blue liquid
Pale blue gas

Diamagnetic
V powerful oxidising agent and bleaching agent

45
Q

Wat is iodometry and tailing of mercury

A

Iodometry - quantitative estimation of ozone (indicator- starch)

Qualitative estimation of ozone is called tailing of mercury

46
Q

Talk about reducing power and bleaching action of sulphur dioxide

A

V strong reducing agent in acidic medium

Bleaching action is temporary due to evolution of nascent hydrogen

47
Q

Wat is frasch process

A

Used to extract the underground deposits of sulphur

48
Q

Oxidising powers of hno3. H2so4 and H3PO4

A

Hno3> h2so4

H3PO4 is non oxidising

49
Q

Nitrogen shows allotropy in

A

Solid state

50
Q

In the compound NCL3 negative oxidation state is shown by

A

Nitrogen coz it’s more EN

Neet 2024 (9 decks)

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