Pусский Aлфавит Flashcards

Question

Ц ц (Russian)

Answer 1

Цэ - Tseh - Name of Letter [tsɛ] Similar to the "ts" sound in "sits" or "its".

Answer 2

Че - Cheh - Name of Letter [tɕe] Pronounced like the "ch" in "chips" or "church" .

Answer 3

Шэ - Shah - Name of Letter [ʂa] Pronounced like the "sh" in shut. Close to sharp.

Answer 4

Ща - Shchah - Name of Letter [ɕɕa] Pronounced like "sh" but with your tongue on the roof of your mouth. Try putting your tongue in the same position as you would to say "ch" but say "sh" instead. English speakers may find it hard to define the difference between "ш" and "щ". Two ways of pronouncing the letter щ, which I will assume to be regional variances. The first is to begin with a ш sound with a ч made just after without pause. (The example "fresh cheese" is most common.) The second is to make a "sh" sound, but push your jaw slightly forward and tighten the corners of your lips into a kind of semi-smile.

Answer 5

твёрдый знак - Name of Letter [ˈtvʲordɨj znak] The 'Hard Sign' is rarely used. When placed in front of a soft vowel, it not only shows a preceding consonant is hard, despite the soft vowel following it. it indicates a more strongly pronounced y (as in yoke) sound in the vowel following. It indicates a slight pause between syllables. Can also be marked with a double quotation or ".

Answer 6

Ы - Yery (i/ou + ee) - Name of Letter The Russian yery (ы) is a sound which is made by raising your tongue to a position in your mouth exactly between the positions of the sound of 'i' in bit and that of 'ou' in should. Practice it by first pronouncing the English sounds, one after another, until you are conscious of where your tongue is when you pronounce them. Your tongue should be rather high in your mouth in either case, but when you pronounce the 'i' in bit your tongue should be in the front of your mouth while it is in the back when you pronounce the 'ou' of should. When you become aware of these positions, force your tongue to a position exactly at the midpoint between these two positions and, without rounding your lips, make the sound. That is a Russian yery. Ы is a "Hard Vowel". (Russian)

Answer 7

мягкий знак - Name of Letter [ˈmʲæxʲkʲɪj znak] The 'Soft Sign' makes the previous letter 'soft'. Think of the "p" sound in the word "pew". (Try inflecting a very slight "y" sound onto letter before it.)

Answer 8

Э - Eh - Name of Letter [ɛ] Pronounced like the "e" in "fed". Э is a "Hard Vowel". (Russian)

Answer 9

Ю - Yu - Name of Letter [ju] Pronounced like the "u" in "universe". (Pronounced much like the english word "you"). Ю is a "Soft Vowel". (Russian)

Answer 10

Я - Yah - Name of Letter [ja] Pronounced like the "ya" in "yard". Я is a "Soft Vowel". (Russian)

Answer 11

A - Name of Letter [a] Pronounced like the "a" in the word "father" or "car". It is not the 'flat' "a" sound you sometimes hear in words like "cat" or "flat".

Answer 12

бэ - Name of Letter [bɛ] Pronounced like the "b" in "bat". (Equivalent to the english letter "b")

Answer 13

вэ - Name of Letter [vɛ] V - Pronounced like the "v" in "vet". (Equivalent to the english letter "v").

Answer 14

гэ - Name of Letter [ɡɛ] G - Pronounced like the "g" in "go". (Equivalent to the english letter "g").

Answer 15

дэ - Name of Letter [dɛ] D - Pronounced like the "d" in "dog". (Equivalent to the english letter "d").

Answer 16

е - Name of Letter [je] Pronounced like the "ye" in "yes".

Answer 17

ё - Name of Letter [jo] Pronounced like "yo" in "yonder".

Answer 18

жэ - Name of Letter [ʐɛ] Like "s" in "measure", "pleasure" or "fusion" or like "g" in colour "beige". (As there is no english symbol for this sound, it is usually represented as "zh")

Answer 19

зэ - Name of Letter [zɛ] Pronounced like the "z" in "zoo". (Equivalent to the english letter "z").

Answer 20

И и - Name of Letter [i] Pronounced like the "i" in "taxi". (Sometimes equivalent to the english letter "i", the short 'ee' sound.). (Note: The hand-written form for "и" looks a little like the english "u").

Answer 21

и краткое - Name of Letter [i ˈkratkəɪ] This letter is used to form diphthongs. So "oй" is like the "oy" sound in "boy" or "aй" is like the "igh" in "sigh".

Answer 22

ка - Name of Letter [ka] Pronounced like the "k" in "kitten" or "kangaroo". This letter replaces the english "c" sound in words like "cat".

Answer 23

эл or эль - Name of Letter [el] or [elʲ] Pronounced like the "l" in "love". (Equivalent to the english letter "l").

Answer 24

эм - Name of Letter [ɛm] Pronounced like the "m" in man. (Note: Unlike english, the hand-written "м" should always start from the bottom)

Answer 25

эн - Name of Letter [ɛn] Pronounced like the "n" in "no". (Equivalent to the english letter "n").

Answer 26

о - Name of Letter [о] When stressed, it is pronounced like the "o" in "bore". When un-stressed it is pronounced more like the letter "a". (See later notes.)

Answer 27

пэ - Name of Letter [pɛ] Pronounced like the "p" in "pot". (Equivalent to the english letter "p").

Answer 28

эр - Name of Letter [ɛr] Pronounced like the "r" in "run", but it is rolled. (Equivalent to the english letter "r").

Answer 29

эс - Name of Letter [ɛs] Pronounced like the "s" in "see". (Equivalent to the english letter "s").

Answer 30

тэ - Name of Letter [tɛ] Pronounced like the "t" in "tap". (Note: The hand-written (and italic) form is "т". It should always start from the top, as it looks quite similar to the letter "м")

Answer 31

у - Name of Letter [u] Pronounced like the "oo" in "boot" or "root".

Answer 32

эф - Name of Letter [ɛf] Pronounced like the "f" in "fat". (Equivalent to the english letter "f").

Answer 33

xa - Name of Letter [xa] Pronounced like the "h" in "hello". However, this is often pronounced more like the "ch" in the Scottish "Loch" or German "Bach", or the spanish "x" in "Mexico".

Answer 34

це - Name of Letter [tsɛ] Similar to the "ts" sound in "sits" or "its".

Answer 35

че - Name of Letter [tɕe] Pronounced like the "ch" in "chips" or "church" .

Answer 36

ша - Name of Letter [ʂa] Pronounced like the "sh" in shut.

Answer 37

ща - Name of Letter [ɕɕa] Pronounced like "sh" but with your tongue on the roof of your mouth. Try putting your tongue in the same position as you would to say "ch" but say "sh" instead. English speakers may find it hard to define the difference between "ш" and "щ".

Answer 38

твёрдый знак - Name of Letter [ˈtvʲordɨj znak] The 'Hard Sign' is rarely used. It indicates a slight pause between sylables.

Answer 39

ы - Name of Letter [ɨ] Pronounced like the "i" in "bit" or "ill". (Said with your tongue slightly back in your mouth.) or "car". It is not the 'flat' "a" sound you sometimes hear in words like "cat" or "flat".

Answer 40

мягкий знак - Name of Letter [ˈmʲæxʲkʲɪj znak] The 'Soft Sign' makes the previous letter 'soft'. Think of the "p" sound in the word "pew". (Try inflecting a very slight "y" sound onto letter before it.)

Answer 41

э - Name of Letter [ɛ] Pronounced like the "e" in "fed".

Answer 42

ю - Name of Letter [ju] Pronounced like the "u" in "universe". (Pronounced much like the english word "you").

Answer 43

я - Name of Letter [ja] Pronounced like the "ya" in "yard".

Answer 44

Russian ## Footnote The ь, or мя́гкий знак ("soft sign,") as noted before, denotes a soft consonant when there is no vowel present to perform that function. However, when placed in front of a soft vowel, it not only shows a soft consonant, indicates a more strongly pronounced y (as in yoke) sound in the vowel following. The ъ, or твёрдый знак ("hard sign,") fulfills the same latter function of the soft sign, but also indicates that the preceding consonant is hard, despite the soft vowel following it. This is, however, a rarely used letter and is seen mostly in verb prefixes, as in Съездить, Отъездить and the like, and can also be marked with a double quotation or ".

Answer 45

Russian Whenever you learn a new word, be sure to remember the stress patterns, as unlike Polish, Czech, and some other Slavic languages, syllable stress in Russian is free, unpredictable, and sometimes mobile; two-syllable neuter words, for instance, almost always change stress in the plural. For a graphic example of the importance of stress, the verb писа́ть (stressed on a) which means "to write," can have its meaning suddenly and easily changed to пи́сать, (stress on и) which means "to piss," so be careful!

Answer 46

Russian In virtually all spoken forms, all final consonants are devoiced. As with any language, there are certain differences in vowel pronounciation to be heard in different areas of Russia. Many of the boundaries of these differences remain a subject of debate, but below are the common changes in vowel pronunciation commonly heard in and around the Moscow region, and is thus considered the "standard" form of Russian. --The O rule: an unstressed o, before the point of stress, is pronounced like an a, and after the point of stress, makes an "uh" sound, a schwa in linguistic terms. --The И Rule: an unstressed и before the point of stress is pronounced like the i in if, whereas a finial и is pronounced normally. --The E rule: at the beginning of a word, e is always pronounced as "ye," regardless of stress. An unstressed e, unless preceded by a vowel is pronounced like a "schwa", though any preceding consonant is still softened.

Answer 47

The 7-Letter Rule After Ш, Щ, Ж, Ч, Г, Х, & К, write И instead of Ы The 5-Letter Rule After Ш, Щ, Ж, Ч, Ц, don’t write O if it’s unstressed; write E instead The Hush Rule After Ш, Щ, Ж, Ч, don’t write Я or Ю; use А or У instead Note that the letters Щ, and Ч are always soft, and Ж, Ш, and Ц are always considered hard; this means that after the former two, a is always pronounced as я, у is always pronounced like ю, and so on, while after the latter three, и sounds like ы, е and sounds like э.

Answer 48

Russian Rule # 1: After й or ь, of there is a hard vowel, the two "blend" to form the soft variant й + а = я , ь + а = я й + э/е = е , ь + э/е = е й + у = ю , ь + у = ю й + о = е , ь + о = е й + о = ё , ь + о = ё й + ы = и , ь + ы = и One little thing: й or ь plus o always makes e unless it is stressed; only then does it become ё

Answer 49

Russian Rule # 2: After й or ь, if there is a soft vowel, the former is removed and the latter is left on its own. Take for instance часть. Want the plural? Add -и, and you get частьи, but the soft sign gets absorbed, so we end up with части

Answer 50

Russian has a system of 'soft' or 'palatalized' consonants which parallels that of the regular consonants. (Soft consonants are pronounced as though you were pronouncing that consonant and a 'y' simultaneously.) Fourteen Russian consonants come in soft-hard pairs and, if the Russian alphabet assigned a distinct consonant for each, we would have to memorize fourteen additional consonant letters. However, because they want their language to remain the simplest language in the world, the Russians decided to use the following vowel to indicate whether the preceding consonant is hard or soft. Since the Russian language has only 5 distinct vowel sounds, this system requires only 5 additional letters. This saves the Russian-language learner 9 letters to memorize! Here are the 10 vowel letters which indicate whether the preceding consonant is 'hard' or 'soft'. Remember, each vowel of the pair is pronounced identically, except for the ы and the и. The approximate pronunciation is given to the right. Therefore hard vowels are placed after hard consonants, and soft vowels are placed after soft consonants.

Answer 51

The Combination of й+V (yery+vowel) Russian orthography does not allow spellings with й (jod) plus a vowel, that is, й+а, й+э, й+ы, й+о, й+у. Instead, the "soft" vowels are also used to indicate these combinations, as the following table illustrates.