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Perfusion Program Fall 2014 > Oxygenators Bruce's Final Exam > Flashcards

Oxygenators Bruce's Final Exam Flashcards

1
Q

What
is
an
oxygenator?

A

• Gas Exchanger: –Removes CO2
–AddO2
–Adds Other gases
(anesthe)cs)

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2
Q

The Ideal Oxygenator should ?

A 
• Oxygenate venous	
 blood 
• Cause minimal blood  
  trauma 
• Minimal	priming volume 
• Designed formaximum	
 safety
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3
Q

3oxygenator designs?

A
  • Film oxygenators
  • Bubble
  • Membrane
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4
Q

“True” Membrane oxygenators were made of ___ .

-Provide a complete barrier between the gas and the blood phase so that gas transfer depends totally on ___.

A
  • Silicone

- Diffusion

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5
Q

Microporous membrane was made of ?

A

• Polypropylene
• Polymethylpentene
- Flat Plate
- Hollow Fiber

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6
Q

3 Disadvantages of film oxygenators ?

A

–Huge prime
volumes
–Huge surface area
–Lots of blood trauma

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7
Q

2 Pros for bubble oxygenators?

A
  • Inexpensive

- Low prime volume

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8
Q

3 Cons for Bubble Oxygenators ?

A

– Massive air
interface
– Huge surface area
– Air embolus

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9
Q

2 types of Types of membrane oxygenators?

A
  • True Membrane
  • Microporous
    membrane
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10
Q

3 Pros for “True Membrane” Oxygenators?

A

– Silocone envelope
– No blood to gas interface
– Approved for long termuse

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11
Q

2 Cons for “True Membrane” Oxygenators?

A

– High resistance
– Large priming
volume

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12
Q

Microporous Membrane
Pore size=
Thickness=

A

Pore size = 0.5-1 um

Thickness= 25-50 um

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13
Q

Microporous
Membrane
flat sheet surface area ?

A

.5 - 4.5 M^2

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14
Q

Hollow fiber mat
diameter =
Length =

A 
diameter = 200 - 250 um
Length = 10 - 15 cm
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15
Q

2 pros of microporous membrane which increased efficiency ?

A
  • Reduced Surface Area

- Reduced priming volume

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16
Q

4 pros of microporous membrane

A
  • Transient gas interface
  • Pore Wetting
  • Pulmonary Edema
  • Short term use <6hrs
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17
Q

2 styles of futuristic membrane implantations ?

A
  • In series

- In parallel

18
Q

Passive Diffusion through an oxygenator formula.

A

=(A/T) (D) (P1-P2)

A: Surface Area
D: Diffusion Coefficient
P: Pressure Gradient

19
Q

Surface area M^2
Oxygenator =
Lung =

A 
Oxygenator = .5-4
Lung = 70
20
Q

Blood path width/length
Oxygenator =
Lung =

A 
Oxygenator = 200 /250,00
Lung =  8 /200
21
Q

Membrane thickness
Oxygenator =
Lung =

A 
Oxygenator = 150
Lung = .5
22
Q

Max O2 transfer
Oxygenator =
Lung =

A 
Oxygenator = 400 - 600
Lung = 2000
23
Q

Design issues of artificial lungs

A
  • Diffusion coefficient
  • Transit time
  • Boundary Layer
24
Q

What happens with O2 as distance increases from the membrane?

A

decreases

25
Q

2 fluid characteristics of Laminar flow closest to the wall?

A
  • Highest sheer force

- lowest velocity

26
Q

As laminar flow continues ?

A

The layer becomes progressively thicker

27
Q

True or false

Is there a cell free layer of plasma on the membrane?

A

True

28
Q

Secondary flow through cross fibers and integral screens creates?

A

Turbulent flow

29
Q

What was the solution to boundary layer problems?

A

Induction Secondary flows

30
Q

Blood phase

A

Blood path through the oxygenator

31
Q

Gas phase

A

Gas path through the oxygenator

32
Q

Blood path through the oxygenator is referred to as the blood phase. What is the blood path in the lung?

A

Capillary

33
Q

Gas Path through the oxygenator is referred to as the Gas phase. What is the Gas path in the lung?

A

Alveoli

34
Q

The Gas phase pressure must never exceed what ?

A

the Blood phase pressure

35
Q

Microporous oxygenators have numerous vents on the exit of the gas phase to protect against what ?

A

Pressurization

36
Q

Formula for blood phase oxygen transfer?

A

VO2= (Q) (CaO2 - CvO2)

37
Q

C.O. Formula based on the Oxygen transfer formula.

A

C.O. = VO2 / (CaO2 - CvO2)

38
Q

100 ml blood =

A

Vol %

39
Q

Average value of VO2 fro the anesthetized adult?

A

120 ml/min/^M2

40
Q

Oxygen transfer across the membrane is dependent upon 5 variables including*:

A
  • Driving gradient 
  • Blood flow rate 
  • Blood path thickness
  • Membrane surface
    area 
  • Membrane diffusion
    characteristics
41
Q

FiO2 is plotted on the Y-axis and total Oxygen transfer is plotted on the X-axis. the area of the chart ABOVE the normal line represents what?

A

oxygenator performance that is worse than predicted

42
Q

FiO2 is plotted on the Y-axis and total Oxygen transfer is plotted on the X-axis. the area of the chart BELOW the normal line represents what?

A

oxygenator performance that is better than predicted

Perfusion Program Fall 2014 (14 decks)

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