Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Fundamentals > Oxygenation - Exam IV > Flashcards

Oxygenation - Exam IV Flashcards

1
Q

effect of age on ventilation

A
  • infants and toddlers: at risk for URI when exposed to second hand smoke/other children (anatomically smaller airways at risk for obstruction)
  • school aged/adolescents: at risk for infections from smoke
  • older adults:less elastic chest wall and airways, decreased muscle strenth air exchange ciliary action, increased secretions remain in lunges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

effect of age on gas exchange

A
  • young and middle aged adults: at risk for cardiopulmonary issues because of unhealthy diet, lack of exercise, stress, drugs, smoking
  • older adults: - osteoporosis leads to change in shape of the thorax, alveoli enlarge decreases the surface area for gas exchange
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

effect of age on perfusion

A

older adults: calcification of heart valves, vascular stiffening, atherosclerosis plaques,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

effect of lifestyle on ventilation

A
  • pregnancy: enlarging uterus pushes abdominal contents upward against the diaphragm
  • obesity: morbidly obese have reduced lung volumes
  • exercise increases metabolic activity and allows a person to inhale more O2 and let out excess CO2
  • smoking is bad
  • substance abuse: suppresses respiratory center = reducing rate =.depth of respiration
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

effect of lifestyle on gas exchange

A

nutrition: - good nutrition affects gas exchange by supporting normal metabolic functions
- smoking is bad
- substance abuse: poor nutritional intake results in decline in hemoglobin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

effect of environment on ventilation

A
  • trauma: rib fracture/bruising causes reduced ventilation
  • smoking is bad
  • rural populations likelier to have COPD related to smoking
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

effect of enviornment on gas exchange

A
  • smoking is bad
  • pts. workplace might be inhaling toxins
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

effect of environement on perfusion

A

inhalation of toxic substances decreases oxygen carrying capacity of blood by reducing the amount of hemoglobin available
- smoking is bad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

effect of lifestyle on perfusion

A

hydration: fluid intake affects cellular health
- smoking is bad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

effect of health on perfusion

A

anemia is the results of decreased hemoglobin production, and or blood loss
- smoking is bad

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what medication interventions help promote respiratory factors and oxygenation

A
  • vaccinations: flu vaccine, pneumococcla vaccine <2 yrs, Covid,
  • bronchodilators, mucolytics, low-dose antianxiety meds
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what inhalation therapies help promotes respiratory factors and oxygenation

A
  • inhaled steroids,
  • incentive spirometry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what oxygen therapies help promotes respiratory factors and oxygenation

A

noninvasive positive pressure ventilation: (CPAP and BiPAP)
Nasal Cannula, nonrebreather (keep reservoir bag inflated) , venturi mask, high-flow cannula,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what artifical airway interventions help promotes respiratory factors and oxygenation

A

Endotracheal airway
Tracheostomy
Nasopharyngeal adjunct airway
Oropharyngeal adjunct airway

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what airway suctioning interventions help promotes respiratory factors and oxygenation

A

open : for sputum speciments, use of sterile catheter
closed: reusable sterile suction catheter - oxygn continued to be deliverd while suction performed
Invasive mechanical ventilation used with artifical airways

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what diagnostic tests/examinations does the nurse do when a patient has impaired oxygenation

A

physical examination - inspection, palpation, auscultation
ABG
pulmonary function test
peak expiratory flow rate
bronchoscopy
lung scan

17
Q

what diagnostic tests/examinations does the nurse do when a patient has impaired oxygenation

A

physical examination - inspection, palpation, auscultation
ABG
pulmonary function test
peak expiratory flow rate
bronchoscopy
lung scan
Thoracentesis

18
Q

ABG - arterial blood gases

A

provides important information for assessment of patients respiratory and metabolic acid/base balance and adequacy of oxygenation

19
Q

Thoracentesis

A

surgical perforation of chest wall/pleural space with a needle to aspirate fluid fir diagnosis identifies infection

20
Q

ABG

A

pH: 7.35-7.45
pCO2: 35-45 mmHg
HCO3: 22-26 mEq/L
pO2: 80-100 mmHg

21
Q

pulse oximetry

A

% hemoglobin saturated with O2

22
Q

forced vital capacity

A

volume of air on forceful expiration

23
Q

forced expuiratory volume

A

volume of air expired in 1 second after maximum inhalation

24
Q

residual volume

A

amount of air remaining in the lungs after maximum expiration

25
Q

peak expiratory flow rate

A

maximum speed of expiration , high numbers are best,
80-100%
<50% red

26
Q

Endotracheal airway

A
  • ET tube: short term, relieves obstruction, protects against aspiration, clear secretions, passes through vocal cords, baloon prevents aspirations
27
Q

Nasopharyngeal adjunct airway

A

conscious or unconscious, sizing: tip of nose to earlobe

28
Q

Oropharyngeal adjunct airway:

A

unconscious only, sizing: corner of mouth to angle of jaw

29
Q

incentive spirometry

A
  • flow-oirented
    goal: inale slowly and deeply ; hold 2-6 seconds
    slower inhalation = greater lung expansion
30
Q

how would you know if the patients is getting enough o2 from the oxygenation therapy

A
  • maintenance of patent airways
    -SpO2 > 94%
    -secretions are thing, clear
  • WBC returns to baseline
  • decreased SOB
  • clear breath sounds over all lung fileds
  • no accessory muscle use
  • able to engage ADLs without limitations
31
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of hyperventilation

A
  • rapid respiration, sighing breaths, numbness in hands/feet, light-headedness, loss of consiousness
32
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of hypoventilation

A

(COPD) - pts have adapted to a high CO2 level to their receptors don’t function normally,
- respiroatry acidosis + arrest
- mental staus change, dysrhythmeias,, potential cardiac arrest,
if untreated: convulsions, unconsciousness, death

33
Q

promote lung expnasion

A

position/ambulation
frequent psotions cahnges
IS
pursed lip breathing
chest tube

34
Q

steps of care for pt. with altered o2

A

promote lung expanstion
mobilize secretions
ensure patent arway
adminsiter medications
patient education

35
Q

early sings of hypoxia

A

apprehension, restlessness, inability to concentrates, deacrease level of consciousness, dizziness, and beahvioral changes, fatigues and agitated, increased pulse rate

36
Q

late signs of hypoxia

A

lethargy, bradycardia, bradypnea, hypotension, cyanosis

37
Q

Ensure patent airway

A

head and neck positioning
artifical airways
suctioning

38
Q

mobilize secretions

A

deep breathing/coughing
hydration
humdified o2
suctioning posutral draining

Fundamentals (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions