OXYGENATION - COPD Flashcards
What is COPD?
An obstruction of the airway which narrows over time causing an airflow obstruction and an abnormal response of the lungs to gases.
True or False: COPD is reversible.
False.
What does progressive means?
Damage advances slowly, and that it cannot be reverted to the
normal state, even with medical management (irreversible).
What are the structures affected by the COPD?
Proximal airways (trachea and bronchi > 2 mm in diameter)
Peripheral airways (bronchioles < 2 mm diameter)
Alveoli ducts and alveoli
What happens in the proximal airways in COPD?
Increased numbers of goblet cells
and enlarged submucosal glands which results to increased mucus secretion.
What happens in the peripheral airways in COPD?
Thickening of the airway wall, peribronchial fibrosis and
exudates in the airway leading to airway narrowing.
What happens in the alveoli ducts and alveoli in COPD?
Damage and enlargement of
alveolar wall and
loss of elastic recoil
True or False: The ongoing injury-and-repair process causes scar tissue formation and narrowing of the airway lumen.
True.
What are the disease associated with COPD?
Chronic Bronchitis
Emphysema
Is asthma considered as under COPD? Why?
No. AZTH is reversible.
What is the characteristic of chronic bronchitis?
Inflammation of bronchi resulting to large amount of mucus secretion and obstruction.
What is the characteristic of emphysema?
Abnormal enlargement of alveoli with the
destruction of alveolar walls.
True or False: High lung compliance results to
destruction of alveolar walls and hyperinflation of the alveoli
True.
What are the sequence of assessment?
a) History taking
b) Physical Examination
c) Diagnostic Examination
What should you determine in the history taking?
Determine the etiology or the cause of the health problem
Define the sx of COPD.
Dyspnea
Sputum production
Cough
These occur for at least 3 months in each of 2 consecutive year
How is sputum produced?
produced when the goblet cells are irritated by smoke, causing an increase in sputum production.
How does smoking affect the cilia?
Smoke paralyzes
the cilia, it the cilia cannot perform its role of filtering the gasses that
enters the upper respiratory tract. C
What is the defense mechanism of the RT for increased mucus secretion?
Cough.
What is cough?
Cough is a reflex that protects the lungs from accumulation
of secretions or inhalation of foreign bodies.
If the cough is not managed, what would happen?
Dyspnea
Dyspnea on exertion (DOE) results from
Inadequate
oxygen that enters during inspiration and the accumulation
of carbon dioxide (CO2).