FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES - First Topic Flashcards
What is the percentage of water to body weight of an adult?
60%
What is the percentage of water to the bodyweight of an older adult?
45-55%
What is the percentage of water to bodyweight of a newborn?
70-80%
What is the percentage of water to bodyweight of an embryo?
97%
What are changes in fluids when the person is becoming old?
Fluid changes with aging Skeletal muscle mass declines Proportion of fat increases Water content drops to 45% at age 60 Distribution changes
The percentage of extracellular fluids in the total body weight is?
20
The percentage of intracellular fluids in the total body weight is?
40
What are the functions of body water?
Transportation Excretion Regulation Lubrication Medium
What is the movement of fluids and solute at the cellular level?
Osmosis
Diffusion
Active Transport?
Define osmosis.
The movement of fluids from a lower solute concentration to a higher solute concentration
Define diffusion.
the movement of
molecules/solutes across a selectively permeable membrane along with their own pathway, irrespective of all other molecules
The smaller ones move faster than the larger ones.
Define active transport.
Movement of solute from lower concentration to higher concentration using energy. (ATP)
The part of the vascular system which has walls thin enough to let
solutes through?
Capillaries
Define capillary filtration.
Results from the hydrostatic pressure and the oncotic pressure in the capillaries.
Define hydrostatic pressure.
Force exerted by the fluids same as the cardiac output etc.
Define hydrostatic pressure concentration gradient.
The difference in HP in the vascular and the interstitial allows the fluid tp flow among compartments.
Define plasma colloid osmotic pressure.
Force exerted by the proteins such as the albumin to keep the fluids inside the vascular system.
The pulling force.
What are the four measurable fluid that allows the flow of fluid between the intravascular and interstitial spaces
The colloid osmotic pressure in the vessel.
The hydrostatic pressure in the vessel.
The colloid osmotic pressure in the tissue spaces.
The hydrostatic pressure in the tissue spaces.
What is insensible respiration?
Body water loss by
diffusion through the skin that is immeasurable
and independent of sweat gland and activity.
What is sensible respiration?
Sweat gland activity occurs as caused by heat and activity.
Measurable.
Identify the regulators of fluid balance.
Electrolytes
Non-electrolytes
Hormones and enzymes
Body tissues and organs
What are the electrolytes?
Sodium Potassium Magnesium Chloride Bicarbonate
What are non-electrolytes?
Protein - albumin
Urea
BUN
What is the function of sodium?
Allows water retention.
Most common electrolyte.
With a water deficit, less sodium is excreted via kidneys,
thus, more water is retained.
What happens when the hydrostatic pressure is greater than the osmotic pressure?
Fluid goes out of intravascular space to the interstitial space.
What happens when the osmotic pressure is greater than the H pressure?
Fluid goes in the intravascular space from the interstitial space.
If plasma colloid osmotic pressure exceeds
hydrostatic pressure, water and solutes return to capillaries
Who proposed the startling law?
Earnest H. Starling
Define the startling law.
equilibrium exists at the
capillary membrane when the fluid leaving circulation
and the amount of fluid returning to circulation are
exactly equal.
What is the ADH?
Hormone that promotes water reabsorption from
the distal tubules of the kidneys.
Where is ADH produced and stored?
Hypothalamus and posterior pituitary respectively.
How is the process of water retention by the ADH done?
Produced in hypothalamus and stored in posterior pituitary. This goes to the kidney which promotes water retention in the distal tubule.
What is the function of aldosterone?
Promotes sodium, chloride, and water
reabsorption from the renal tubules.
Where is aldosterone made?
Adrenal cortex
How is aldosterone made?
Decreased BF in glomerulus - juxtaglomerular cell secretes renin - goes to the liver becomes angiotensin I - goes to the lungs becomes angiotensin II - goes to the adrenal glands - makes aldosterone.