Oxygenation Flashcards
Goblet Cells
- Mucus-secreting and ciliated cells.
2. Produces a mucus blanket that protects the airway epithelium
Functions of Surfactant
- Facilitates O2 exchange
- Produces nutrients for the alveoli
- Commits air exchange between alveoli and alveolar ducts by reducing surface tension
- Facilitates alveolar expansion during inspiration
Type 1 Alveolar Epithelial Cells
- Provide structure
Type 2 alveolar Epithelial Cells
- Produce Surfactant
Surfactant
- Lipoprotein that coats the inner surface of the alveolus and lowers alveolar surface tension at end-expiration
- Prevents lung collapse - Produced by type 2 alveolar cells
Vagus Nerve
- The lung receives parasympathetic innervation by the vagus nerve
- Also innervates the heart
- Rest & Digest
Vagus Nerve
-Medication that lifts effects of Vagus Nerve
- Atropine is given to reverse effects of Vagus Nerve
Vagus Nerve
-Total Heart Transplant Considerations
- Because the innervation from the vagus nerve has been severed, atropine will no longer work on the heart
- Give the pt Epinephrine instead
Perfusion
- Movement of blood into and out of the capillary beds of the lungs to the body organs and tissues
Ventilation
- Movement of air into and out of the lungs
- breathing
Pulmonary System Activities
- Ventilation & Diffusion
Cardiovascular System Activity
- Perfusion
Mediastinum
- Space between the lungs, which contains the heart, great vessels, and esophagus
Upper Airway
-Consists of
- Nasopharynx
- Oropharynx
- Lined w/ ciliated mucosa that warms and humidifies inspired air and removes foreign particles
Alveoli
- Primary gas-exchange units of the lung where oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide is removed
Pulmonary Circulation
-Function
- Facilitates gas exchange
- Delivers nutrients to lung tissues
- Acts as reservoir for the left ventricle
- Filtering system that removes clots, air, and other debris
Pulmonary Circulation Vs. Systemic Circulation
- Pulmonary arteries are exposed to about one fifth the pressure of the systemic circulation
Alveolocapillary Membrane
- Gas exchange occurs across the alveolocapillary membrane
2. Any disorder than thickens the membrane impairs gas exchange
Pulmonary Veins
- Take oxygenated blood back to the left atrium of the heart
- Pulmonary veins do not have valves
Bronchial Circulation
- Part of the systemic circulation
- Supplies nutrients to the conducting airways, large pulmonary vessels, and membranes that surround the lungs
- DOES NOT participate in gas exchange
Functions of the Pulmonary System
- Ventilates the Alveoli
- Diffuses gases into and out of the blood
- Perfuses the lungs so that organs and tissues of teh body receive oxygen rich blood
Neurochemical Control of Ventilation
-Dorsal Respiratory Group (DRG)
- Responsible for setting the basic automatic rhythm of respirations
- Receives afferent input from
- Peripheral chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies
Neurochemical Control of Ventilation
-Ventral Respiratory Group (VRG)
- Contains both inspiratory and expiratory neurons and is almost inactive during normal, quiet respiration
- the VRG becomes active when increased ventilatory effort is required