Oxygenation Flashcards
what is the upper respiratory tract made up of
-mouth
-nose or air enters
-pharynx
-larynx
what is the lower respiratory tract made up of
-trachea
-bronchi
-bronchioles
-alveoli
-pulmonary membranes
-pleural membranes
Expansibility or stretchability of lung tissue
compliance
Continual tendency of lungs to
collapse away from the chest wall
recoil
collapse of lung
Atelectasis
lubrication that protects the alveoli didto mag occur ang gas exchange
Surfactant
● Diaphragm and intercostals _________.
● Thoracic cavity size __________.
● Volume of lungs ___________.
● Intrapulmonary pressure __________.
● Air rushes into lungs to _________ pressure
During inspiration (inhalation)
- contract
- increases
- increases
- decreases
- equalize
● Diaphragm and intercostals ______.
● Volume of the lungs __________.
● Intrapulmonary pressure ______
● Air is __________.
During expiration (exhalation)
- relax
- decreases
- rises
- expelled
Occurs after alveoli are ventilated
ALVEOLAR GAS EXCHANGE
Diffusion of oxygen from alveoli into pulmonary blood vessels on __________
inspiration
Diffusion of carbon dioxide from pulmonary blood vessels into alveoli for ___________
expiration
__% of oxygen combines with
hemoglobin in red blood cells and is carried to tissues as ______________
- 97
- oxyhemoglobin
Remaining oxygen is dissolved and transported in plasma as ___________ __________ _________
arterial oxygen pressure
Normal hematocrit __-__% in
men, __-__% in women
- 40-54
- 37-50
Chemosensitive receptors in medulla oblongata respond to changes in _______ and ________ ion concentration
- blood
- hydrogen
FACTORS APPECTING RESPIRATORY FUNCTION
● Age
● Environment
● Lifestyle
● Health status
● Medications
● Stress
helps the body contract, given to pt with heart attack so that the heart will contract. It also dilates the bronchial tree ot helps relax and dilates. It is usually for cardiac muscles to contract
Epinephrine
normal breathing
eupnea
rapid breathing
tachypnea
slow breathing
bradypnea
absent breathing
apnea
Increased levels of carbon dioxide within breathing
Hypercarbia, hypercapnia
breathing that is too shallow or too slow to meet the needs of the body
hypoventilation
low levels of oxygen in your blood
hypoxemia
an abnormal breathing pattern characterized by rapid, deep breathing at a consistent pace
Kussmaul breathing
Rhythmic waxing, waning of respirations from very deep to very shallow
Cheyne-Stokes respirations
an abnormal pattern of breathing characterized by groups of quick, shallow inspirations followed by regular or irregular periods of apnea
Biot (cluster) respirations
Difficulty breathing while lying down
Orthopnea
○ Difficulty breathing
○ Shortness of breath (SOB)
○ Nostril flaring
○ Increased heart rate
Dyspnea
Condition of insufficient oxygen in body tissue
Hypoxia
○ Oxygen therapy
○ Tracheostomy care
○ Maintenance of chest tube
are implementations of what
Dependent interventions
○ Position client for maximum chest
expansion (semi or high Fowler’s)
○ Encourage or provide frequent position
changes
○ Encourage deep breathing and
coughing
○ Encourage ambulation
○ Implement comfort measures
are implementations of what
Promoting oxygenation
○ Raise secretions high enough to
expectorate or swallow
○ Routine exercises for clients with
chronic conditions
○ Normal forceful cough
○ Alternative huff coughin
are implementations for what
Deep breathing and coughing
○ Maintains moist mucous membranes
to aid removal of secretions
○ Normal secretions thin, easily moved by ciliary action
○ When dehydrated, secretions, tenacious
are implementations for what
Hydration
○ Bronchodilators
○ Anti-inflammatory drugs
○ Glucocorticoids
○ Leukotriene modifiers
○ Expectorants
○ Cough suppressants
○ Others that improve cardiovascular function
are examples of what
Medications
○ Place hands, palms down, on chest area to be drained
○ Ask client to inhale deeply and exhale slowly
what implementations is this
Vibration
○ Place client in appropriate positions to allow gravity to drain affected areas of
○ lung
○ *Lower lobes require drainage more
often than upper lobes
○ *Usually scheduled before meals to
prevent vomiting
what implementation is this
Postural drainage
flow rate of simple face mask
5-8 L/min
flow rate of nasal cannula
1-6 L/min
flow rate of venturi mask
4-12 L/min
flow rate of partial rebreather
6-10 L/min
flow rate of non-rebreather
10-15 L/min
flow rate of face tent
10 L/min
A process of giving liquid medication through the use of a mechanical device compressor or nebulizer that works to convert medication to high quality mist of fine particles that penetrates into the lungs to treat respiratory conditions
NEBULIZATION
