NUTRITION Flashcards
list situations in which protein balance is negative
-inadequate intake of protein
-inadequate energy intake
-conditions such as fevers, bums, and infections
-bed rest for several days
-deficiency of essential amino acids
-increased protein loss
-increased secretion of thyroid hormone an cortisol
organic substances that are greasy and insoluble in water but soluble in alcohol or ether
lipids
what are the 2 types of fatty acids
saturated and unsaturated
organic compound that cant be manufactured by body
vitamins
list the water soluble vitamins
B1
B2
B3
B5
B6
B7
B9
B12
C
list the fat soluble vitamins
A
D
E
K
lack of necessary or appropriate food substances
malnutrition
too many calories and improper foods that causes. person to become overweight
overnutrition
not consuming enough calories to be healthy
undernutrition
a persons diet lacks the correct balance of proteins, carbs, vitamins, and minerals, even though they get enough calories
malnourished
standard triceps skin fold for males
12mm
standard triceps skin fold for females
20mm
standard mid arm circumference for males
32cma
standard mid arm circumference for females
28cm
standard mid arm muscle area for males
54cm squared
standard mid arm muscle area for females
30cm squared
end products are monosaccharides, normally absorbed by the small intestine1
carbohydrate digestion
the body breaks carbohydrates in glucose. maintains blood levels, and provides a ready source of energy
carbohydrate metabolism
list the essential amino acids
-histidine
-lysine
-methionine
-phenylalanine
-tryptophan
-threonine
-valine
-arginine
list the nonessential amino acids
-aldine
-aspartic acid
-cystine
-glutamic acids
-glycine
-hydroxyproline
-proline
-serine
-tyrosine
list the 3 activities of protein metabolism
-anabolism
-catabolism
-maintaining nitrogen balance
list situations in which protein balance is positive
-growth
-pregnancy
-recovery stage after illness
-athletic training
-increased secretion of hormones
all interactions between organism and food it consumes
nutrition
organic and inorganic substances required for body functions
nutrients
nutrient content of a specified amount of food
nutritive value
list macronutrients
-water
-carbohydrates
-protein
-fats
-minerals and vitamins (in hundreds of grams)
list micronutrients
-vitamins
-minerals
(required in milligrams or micrograms)
factors affecting nutrition
-lifestyle
-economics
-medications and therapy
-health
-alcohol consumption
-advertising
-psychological factors
-demand feeding
-regurgitation
-iron deficiency anemia
-bottle mouth syndrome
what part of life cycle
neonate to 1 year
-eat most foods
-adjust to 3 meals/day
-feed selves
-deciduous teeth allow range of foods
what part of life cycle
toddler; 1-2 years
-adult foods
-may require snacks
what part of life cycle
preschooler; 3-5 years
-balanced diet about 2400 Kcal
-protein-rich food for breakfast to sustain school work
-teach child about healthful eating
-poor eating habits lead to obesity
what part of life cycle
school-age child; 6-12 years
-increased need for nutrients and calories, calcium
-teach healthy lifelong eating habits
-risk for eating disorders
what part of life cycle
adolescent; 10-19 years
-continue to eat a healthy diet with special attention
-2 or 3 liters of fluid should be included in the diet
what part of life cycle
young adult; 20-39 years
-postmenopausal women need to ingest sufficient calcium and vitamin D to reduce osteoporosis
-antioxidants such as vitamin A, C, and E may be helpful in reducing the risk of heart disease in women
what part of life cycle
middle-aged adult; 40-59 years
-require the same basic nutrition as the younger adult
-fewer calories are needed because of the lower metabolic rate and the decrease in physical activity
what part of the life cycle
older adults; 60 or older
relationship between energy derived from food and energy used b the body
energy balance
amount of energy nutrients or foods supply to the the body
calorie value
1 calories equals how many joules
4.18
is the rate at which the body metabolized food to maintain the energy requirement of a person who is awake and at rest
basal metabolic rate
alternative feeding methods that ensure adequate nutrition through GI system methods
enteral
