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NCM-107 > FECAL > Flashcards

FECAL Flashcards

1
Q

Elimination of waste products of digestion from the body is essential to health

A

Physiology of Defacation

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2
Q

Extends from Ileocecal valve to anus

A

Large Intestine

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3
Q

how long is the large intestine

A

125 - 150 cm (50 - 60 in)

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4
Q

Contents of the colon represent foods ingested over the previous __ days

A

4

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5
Q

Most waste products excreted within __ hours of ingestion

A

48

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6
Q

what is the main function of the colon

A

absorption of water and nutrients after eating (ingestion)

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7
Q

Waste products leaving the stomach through the small intestine and then passing through the ileocecal valve

A

Chyme

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8
Q

________ in the colon protects lining from acid in feces and from bacterial activity

A

Mucus

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9
Q

largely air and by-products
of the digestion of carbohydrates

A

Flatus

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10
Q

Wavelike movement that propels intestinal contents forward

A

Peristalsis

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11
Q

movement of the chyme back and forth within the haustra

A

Haustral churning

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12
Q

very sluggish and is thought to move the chyme very little along the large intestine

A

Colon peristalsis

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13
Q

powerful muscular contraction that moves over large areas of the colon

A

Mass peristalsis

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14
Q

Internal sphincter under ___________ control

A

involuntary

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15
Q

External sphincter under ___________ control

A

voluntary

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16
Q

Excreted waste products are referred to as _______ or ______

A
  1. feces
  2. stool
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17
Q

Expulsion of feces assisted by contraction of the abdominal muscles and diaphragm

A

Defecation

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18
Q

Semi-solid mass of waste products in the colon that is expelled through the anus

A

Feces

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19
Q

list factors that affect defacation

A

-development
-activity
-diet
-psychological factors
-defecation habits
-medications
-certain foods
-diagnostic procedures
-anesthesia and surgery
-pathologic conditions
-pain
-fluid intake and output

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20
Q

cabbage, onions, cauliflower, bananas, apples

are what type of foods

A

gas-producing

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21
Q

prunes, chocolate, alcohol

are what type of foods

A

laxative producing

22
Q

cheese, pasta, eggs and lean meat

are what type of foods

A

constipation-producing

23
Q

Fecal Elimination Problems

list them

A
  1. Constipation
  2. Diarrhea
  3. Bowel incontinence
  4. Flatulence
24
Q

● Decreased frequency of defecation or fewer than three bowel movements per week
● Hard, dry, formed stools
● Straining at stool; painful defecation
● Feeling of fullness, discomfort in
rectum, abdomen
● Headache

A

constipation

25
Q

● Passage of liquid feces and increased frequency of defecation
● Spasmodic cramps, increased bowel sounds
● Fatigue, weakness, malaise, emaciation

A

diarrhea

26
Q

Loss of voluntary ability to control fecal and gaseous discharges

A

Bowel Incontinence

27
Q

what are 2 types of bowel incontinence

A

partial and major

28
Q

the inability to control flatus or to prevent minor
soiling

A

Partial incontinence

29
Q

the inability to control feces of normal consistency

A

major incontinence

30
Q

● Action of bacteria on chyme
● Swallowed air
● Gas diffusing between bloodstream
and intestines
● Eructation (belching, burping)
● Excessive flatus in intestines leads
to stretching and inflation of intestines

A

Flatulence

31
Q

induce defecation, strong purgative effect

A

Cathartics

32
Q

produces soft of liquid stools (castor oil)

A

Laxatives

33
Q

softens feces be releasing gases

A

Suppositories

34
Q

slows motility of the intestine, absorbs excess fluid in intestine

A

Antidiarrheal medications

35
Q

coalesce gas bubbles and facilitate their passage by belching

A

Anti Flatulence medications

36
Q

herbal oils acts as agents that help expel gas

A

Carminatives

37
Q

an insertion of a solution into the rectum and sigmoid colon to stimulate defect

A

enema

38
Q

Enemas stimulate peristalsis through ________

A

osmosis

39
Q

acts to soften the feces and to lubricate the rectum and anal canal, thus facilitating the passage of the feces

what type of enema

A

Oil retention enema

40
Q

treat infections locally

what type of enema

A

Antibiotic enemas

41
Q

to kill helminths such as worms

what type of enema

A

Antihelmintic enemas

42
Q

to administer fluids and nutrients to the rectum

what type of enema

A

Nutritive enemas

43
Q

● Used primarily to expel flatus
● The solution instilled into the rectum
releases gas, which in turn distends the rectum and the colon, thus stimulating peristalsis

what type of enema

A

Carminative enema

44
Q

● Alternating flow of 100 to 200 ml of
fluid into/out of rectum and sigmoid colon stimulates peristalsis
● Repeated 5-6 times until the flatus is expelled and abdominal distention is relieved

what type of enema

A

Return-flow (Harris flush)

45
Q

Types of Cleansing enema

A

high enema and low enema

46
Q

types of low enema

A

-hypertonic
-hypotonic
-isotonic
-soapsuds

47
Q

Fluid and electrolyte
imbalance; water intoxication

A

adverse effect

48
Q

Pull fluid out of the interstitial tissues into the colon which has a higher osmotic pressure

A

Hypertonic

49
Q

● Tap water
● Flow of water is out of bowel into the
interstitial tissues which have a high
osmotic pressure

A

Hypotonic

50
Q

● Physiologic/normal saline
● Osmotic pressure on both sides of the membrane
● Safest
● Distends colon
● Stimulates peristalsis
● Softens feces

A

Isotonic

51
Q

● Pure soap
● Creates the effect of intestinal
mucosal irritation to stimulate
peristalsis
● Distends colon

A

Soapsuds

NCM-107 (7 decks)

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