Oxygenation Flashcards
Nasal cannula
Oxygen delivery
-good starting place: 2-3L/min
-1st choice (safe, simple, increased mobility)
-can dry membrane, skin breakdown
Oxygen toxicity
-can occur when a person breathes 100% oxygen for > 12 hours
-goal is to wean pt off oxygen!!
Anaphylaxis
-most severe allergic reaction
-loss of consciousness
-hives
-swelling of tongue (can’t swallow)
-swelling of throat tissues
Hemoglobin
molecule in blood that carries oxygen
Lower O2 sat =
Lower brain function
Hypoxia
low levels of oxygen in the tissues and organs
*restlessness!!
Causes of hyperventilation
-exercise
-pain
-anxiety
When are wheezes more likely heard?
on expiration
Hyperventilation
-breathing is too rapid/deep
-HYPOCAPNIC: blowing off too much CO2
Causes of hypoventilation
-decreased LOC
-medications (narcotics)
-respiratory depression
-sleep
-pain
Brochoscopy
Used to view airways and check for any abnormalities
Promotion of lung expansion
-position changes frequently (every 2hrs)
-keep upright
-increase daily activities
-ensure adequate hydration
-coughing exercises
-deep breathing
Ventilation
Act of exchanging oxygen for carbon dioxide
Clinical manifestations of respiratory alterations
-cough
-dyspnea: short of breath
-chest pain
-abnormal sputum
-hemoptysis: coughing up blood
-altered breathing patterns
-cyanosis
-fever
Signs/symptoms of oxygen toxicity
-pallor, sweating, nausea, and vomiting
-seizures, vertigo, muscle twitching
-hallucinations, visual changes, anxiety
-chest pain, dyspnea
Hypoxemia
-low level of oxygen in the blood
Assessing patients on oxygen therapy
-equipment
-correct oxygen delivery device
-flow rate is correct
-respiratory assessment (vital signs, o2 sat, LOC, skin)
FiO2
Percent of oxygen a person is inhaling
-room air FiO2 is 21%
Oxygen saturation
Can be used to assess oxygen level
SpO2
Measure of how saturated hemoglobin are with oxygen (pulse ox)
Aspiration
-passage of gastric contents (fluid or solid) into the lungs
-can cause aspiration pneumonia
Prevention of Atelectasis
-early ambulation
-turn, cough, deep breath
-incentive spirometry
Hypoventilation
-breathing too shallow or slow
-HYPERCAPNIC: building up CO2
Cyanosis is best assessed in
-fingertips
-mucous membranes of face
Oxygen safety
-do not smoke
-do not use aerosol sprays
-do not use any petroleum products
Atelectasis
Collapsed air sacs
Poor oxygenation
Decreased oxygen level in blodd
Orthopnea
Dyspnea when laying down
Quick intervention for orthopnea?
Prop patient up to sitting position
COPD
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
-obstruction in lungs
Alveoli
Air sacs
Signs/symptoms of poor oxygenation
-RESTLESSNESS/confusion
-decreased blood pressure
-cool extremities
-pallor or cyanosis of extremities
-slow capillary refill
Incentive spirometry
-helps prevent post-op pulmonary complications (Atelectasis)
-provides voluntary deep breathing
-have patient do at least 10 breaths every 2 hours
