Elimination Flashcards
Urinary incontinence
Stress- most common
Urge
Overflow
Functional
Dark yellow urine
Often indicative of dehydration
Bloody urine
hematuria
Normal urine is
Clear
Pinkish and greenish urine
Pink- consumption of beets
Green- consumption of asparagus
*foods can affect urine
Meds can effect urine _______
Color
Color
Can indicate some form of intake or lack of fluids
Clarity
Urine will appear cloudy if a pathogen is present
Odor
Pathogens can change odor, as well as intake
Intake fluids include:
-semi-liquid foods
-ice chips
-fluids
-IV fluids
-tube feedings
-irrigations that aren’t removed asap
Output fluids include:
-fluid loss via emesis
-urine output
-diarrhea
-drainage from suction or wounds
Dribbling
Leakage of urine despite voluntary control of urination
Proteinuria
Presence of large protein in urine
Urinary urgency
The need to void all at once
Urinary frequency
Voiding at frequent intervals
Polyuria
Large amounts of urine
Nocturia
Frequent night urination
Hematuria
Blood in the urine
Dysuria
Painful or difficult urination
Micturate
To urinate
Void
To urinate
Incontinence
Inability to control urine or feces
Retention
accumulation of urine in bladder without the ability to completely empty
Residual
Urine remaining post void >100ml
Bladder
Reservoir for urine until the urge develops
Urethra in women
Short
-leads to prevalence of infection
Urethra in men
Long (8in)
Kidneys
-filter and regulate
-remove waste from blood to form urine
-bilateral posterior flanks
-size of fists
Urethra
Urine travels from bladder and exits through urethral meatus
Ureters
Transport urine from kidney to bladder
Impaction
Stool that you can’t pass
Diarrhea
Watery stool
Flatulence
Frequent passing of gas
Hemorrhoids
Enlarged blood vessels
Cathartics
Accelerates bowel movements
Laxatives
Softens stool
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
-plays big part in fluid balance
-no pee, retains fluid
Bowel elimination process
-fecal material reaches rectum
-stretch receptors initiate contraction of sigmoid colon/rectal muscles
-internal anal sphincter relaxes
-sensory impulses cause voluntary bearing down
-external sphincter relaxes
Valsalva maneuver
Process of bearing down, puts pressure on the vagus nerve
-BP, pulse decreases
-can lose conciousness
Bristol stool scale
Type 6
-fluffy and mushy with ragged edges
-mild diarrhea
Bristol stool scale
Type 7
-entirely liquid, watery
-severe diarrhea
Brown poop
Normal
Green poop
Green dyes, vegetables
Antibiotics
Bacterial infection
Yellowish poop
-excess fat
-small intestine infection
Bright red poop
-red foods, drinks, or dyes
-hemorrhoids
-bleeding lower digestive tract
Black or dark brown poop
-iron supplements
-bleeding upper digestive tract!!!
White, light, or clay colored poop
-anti-diarrheal meds
-lack of bile
Reddish poop
-Red foods, drinks, or dyes
-bleeding lower gut or rectum
Components of a complete bowel assessment
-history
-relevant test results
-physical assessment
-chewing ability
-recent stressors/illnesses
-environmental situation
Factors affecting bowel elimination
-developmental stage
-personal factors
-nutrition/hydration - most impactful!!
-activity
-medications
-surgery & procedures
-pregnancy
Constipation
Buildup of stool
Bristol stool scale
Type 1
-separate hard lumps
-severe constipation
Bristol stool scale
Type 2
-sausage shaped but lumpy
-mild constipation
Bristol stool scale
Type 3
-Sausage shaped with cracks on its surface
-healthy
Bristol stool scale
Type 4
-smooth and soft like a snake
-healthy
Bristol stool scale
Type 5
-soft blobs with clear cut edges
-lacking fiber
Hesitancy
Difficulty initiating urination
The kidneys produce approximately ______ per hour
50-60 ml of urine
