oxygenation

Question 1

E-cigs and vaping can cause

Answer 1

-asthma
-heart disease
-lung scarring
-EVALI (e-cig or vaping asscoiated lung injury)
-addiction
-cigarette smoking

Question 2

oxygenation

Answer 2

properly functioning alveolar capillary membrane
-oxygenate venous blood
-remove CO2 from the blood

Question 3

ventilation

Answer 3

ability transport air to and from lungs

Question 4

upper airway

Answer 4

warm, humidify, filter

Question 5

lower airway

Answer 5

conduction of air, mucociliary clearance

Question 6

alveolar capillary membrane

Answer 6

gas diffusion

Question 7

decreased O2

Answer 7

-increased work of breathing
-decreased gas exchange (decreased number of capillaries and inspiratory lung volumes)

Question 8

decreased ventilation

Answer 8

-ineffective cough
-increased risk for aspiration due to decreased gastric motility
-impaired mobility
-meds that decrease ventilation
-tissues and airways become more rigid

Question 9

wheezes

Answer 9

narrowing of airways
-asthma, obstruction, tumor

Question 10

crackles

Answer 10

popping open of alveolar sacs, fluid over alveoli

Question 11

rhonchi

Answer 11

secretions in the large airway, use productive cough and suction

Question 12

noninvasive pulmonary function

Answer 12

-pusle ox (spot check, continuous if abnormal)
-CXR
-pulmonary function tests

Question 13

invasive pulmonary function

Answer 13

-arterial blood gas analysis
-bronchoscopy

Question 14

PaO2

Answer 14

partial pressure of oxygen (invasive monitoring, arterial blood gas)
40-80%

Question 15

PaO2- SpO2 correlation

Answer 15

PaO2 : 40% 50% 60% 80%
SpO2: 70% 80% 90% 95%

Question 16

CXR

Answer 16

black is air
shot at costophrenic angles

Question 17

post-procedure care of bronchoscopy

Answer 17

look for bleeding, NPO until cough and gag is returned or they will aspirate

Question 18

nursing interventions promoting adequate pulmonary function

Answer 18

-smoking cessation
-Fowler position (45-60)
-chest cup percussion
-control anxiety
-pursed lip breathing
-adequate fluid intake and nutrition
-humidified O2
-coughing and deep breathing
-incentive spirometry (SMILE)

Question 19

suction is used for

Answer 19

purwicks and secretions that could cause aspiration (LOW)

Question 20

cough supressants

Answer 20

dry cough

Question 21

expectorants

Answer 21

productive cough

Question 22

bronchodilators

Answer 22

open narrowed airways

Question 23

corticosteroids

Answer 23

reduce inflammation in airways

Question 24

nebulizer

Answer 24

disperses fine particles of medication into deeper passages of respiratory tract where absorption occurs (medications)
-5 min then evaluate (auscultate lungs)

Question 25

metered dose inhalers

Answer 25

delivers a controlled dose of medication with each compression of the canister (keep two fingers from the mouth)
-use spacers, rinse after steroids, wait 1-5 min, know difference between maintenance and rescue

Question 26

dry powder inhaler

Answer 26

activated by patient’s inspiration

Question 27

RA FiO2%

Answer 27

21%

Question 28

nasal cannula liters and % of FIO2

Answer 28

1lpm 2lpm 3lpm 4lpm 5lpm 6lpm
24% 28% 32% 36% 40% 44%

24-44% FiO2

Question 29

venturi mask FiO2

Answer 29

24-40%

Question 30

non re-breather FIO2

Answer 30

80-100%

Question 31

common injuries with NC

Answer 31

PI’s behind the ear/in nares
-NEED SURGILUBE
-not vaseline

Question 32

what is a non-rebreather mask

Answer 32

breath in a reservoir, high flow (avoid taking it off for long periods of time =eating), could put on NC for short time if patient is not experiencing difficulty

Question 33

CPAP

Answer 33

continuous positive airway pressure
-sleep apnea

Question 34

BIPAP

Answer 34

Biphasic inhaled positive air pressure
-does not exhale against resistance, non-invasive

Question 35

High flow NC

Answer 35

-thicker tubing, has a different machine than the green meter on the wall
-FIO2 60-90%
-10lpm 15lpm 20lpm 30lpm
- 60% 80% 90% 98%