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nur 220 > asepsis > Flashcards

asepsis Flashcards

1
Q

definition of infection

A

a disease that results from a pathogen in or on the body

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2
Q

HAI

A

healthcare-associated infections that develop during the course of treatment for other conditions

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3
Q

top offenders of HAIs

A

-UTIs
-surgical site infections
-bloodstream infections
-pneumonia

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4
Q

nosocomial

A

something that originated or occurred inside the hospital setting

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5
Q

Hospitals will not be paid for costs relating to the following 3:

A

CAUTIs
vascular catheter-related infections
surgical site infections

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6
Q

factors predisposing patients to nosocomial infections

A

-use of invasive medical devices
-antibiotic-resistant organisms developed in hospitals
-poor compliance with handwashing, standard precautions and transmission-based precautions

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7
Q

bacterial

A

most significant and most prevalent in hospital infections

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8
Q

virus

A

smallest of all microorganisms

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9
Q

fungi

A

plant-like organisms present in air, soil, and water

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10
Q

components of the infection cycle

A

-infectious agent
-reservoir
-portal of exit
- means of transmission
-portal of entry
-susceptible host

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11
Q

common portals of exit and entry

A

-respiratory
-GI
-genitourinary tracts
-breaks in the skin
-blood and bodily fluids (everything but sweat)

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12
Q

body’s first line of defense

A

intact skin

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13
Q

factors affecting susceptibility

A

-intact skin
-WBCs
-splenectomy
-age
-immunization
-fatigue
-nutritional status
-drug therapies
-stress
-use of invasive or indwelling medical devices

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14
Q

stages of infection

A

incubation
prodromal
full stage of illness
convalescent

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15
Q

local infection

A

swelling, heat, redness, pain, loss of function, purulent drainage

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16
Q

systemic infection

A

-elevated temp (not in the elderly, LOC will deteriorate instead)
-increased pulse and RR
-enlarged lymph nodes
-lethargy, anorexia

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17
Q

elevated WBC count

A

> 10,000/mm

18
Q

increased neutrophils means

A

acute bacterial infections

19
Q

increased lymphocytes

A

chronic bacterial (TB) and viral infections

20
Q

increased eosinophils

A

parasitic infections, fungus (Cocci), allergic reaction

21
Q

C-reactive protein is

A

non-specific and indicates inflammation
-the presence of a pathogen in urine, blood, sputum, or drainage cultures

22
Q

Hospital privacy _________ are frequently and rapidly contaminated with potentially pathogenic bacteria

A

curtains

23
Q

MDRO

A

multi-drug resistant organisms

24
Q

VAP

A

ventilator-associated pneumonia

25
Q

HAP

A

hospital-associated pneumonia

26
Q

CLABSI’s

A

Central line-associated bloodstream infections

27
Q

bloodborne pathogens

A

Hep B virus
Hep C virus
HIV

28
Q

use hand sanitizer when

A

-wash in/ out of rooms
-before/ after direct patient contact
-after contact with body fluids or non intact skin if no visible soiling
-before/after gloves
-before/after procedures

29
Q

when you have to use soap and water

A

when hands are visibly soiled after caring for a patient with C.Diff

30
Q

PAPR

A

powered air purifier respirators
-PPE

31
Q

contact precautions

A

C.Diff, MRSA

32
Q

Droplet precautions

A

Influenza, Pertussis

33
Q

Airborne precautions

A

COVID 19, TB, Measles, Chickenpox (airborne and contact)
**requires negative pressure rooms

34
Q

Other precautions

A

-neutropenic = protective
-the patient from us

35
Q

contact equipment

A

gloves and gown

36
Q

droplet equipment

A

mask

37
Q

airborne precautions

A

respirator, negative pressure room

38
Q

note patients in isolation are prone to

A

-depression
-anxiety
-fewer visits from health care staff
-increased adverse events

39
Q

medical asepsis

A

clean technique, handwashing, and PPE

40
Q

surgical asepsis

A

-operating room, labor, and delivery areas
-certain diagnostic testing areas
-patient bedside-blood draws, injections, IVs
-invasive procedures: sterile dressings, central line dressings, urinary catheter insertion

41
Q

principle of surgical asepsis

A

-allow only sterile objects to touch another sterile object
-avoid talking, coughing, reaching over a sterile field
-do no turn your back on a sterile field
-consider any object contaminated if you have any doubt
-date and time solutions to expire in hours
-pour fluids with the label in the palm of your hand
-without sterile gloves handle outer 1 inch of sterile

nur 220 (7 decks)

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