OXYGENATION Flashcards

Question

heart failure

Answer 1

inefficient pumping of blood supply

Answer 2

SOB, crackles

Answer 3

edema, swelling, JVD

Answer 4

inadequate blood supply

Answer 5

#1: Assess to ensure the patient is not in acute respiratory distress!

Answer 6

At risk for respiratory complication related to decreased cilia smaller/ younger people have an increased respiratory rate

Answer 7

blood work, microbiology lab, cardiac function, pulmonary function,

Answer 8

ABG: arterial sample of blood that helps to evaluate how much gas (CO2, O2, PH, BiCARB) assesses acid base values in the body.

Answer 9

hbg, hct, RBC, etc

Answer 10

a sample of blood that can be tested to evaluate if there is damage to cardiac tissue. Tissue will release these enzymes if there is damage to the cardiac tissue. elevated in the blood if there is damage to cardiac tissue. Take every 6 hours.

Answer 11

respiratory function since it requires adequate perfusion. Only one that has prep** don't eat for 12 hours (fast)

Answer 12

(throat or nasopharyngeal swab, sputum samples)

Answer 13

electrical tracing of the electrical conduction of the heart. Tell us when the heart is contracting.

Answer 14

outpatient/ ambulatory test. POTS (you wear for 24-48 hours and carry it with you)

Answer 15

ultrasound of the heart. Look primarily at the valves of the heart to see how the blood is moving through the valves of the heart. - TEE: goes through the esophagus to look at your heart. More invasive and more accurate. Conscious sedation, NPO - TTE: ultrasound probe

Answer 16

in controlled situations they try to assess what the heart does when it is stressed. run/walk until you cant anymore. Physical: running on a treadmill Pharmacological: before surgery/ procedure. Under controlled situations they inject medication to have the heart respond to stress.

Answer 17

physician places in radial vein and threads up into the heart. Looks at vessels that supply oxygenated blood (narrowing, blockages, etc) - Diagnostic or curative - Have to be paralyzed during and watch for bleeding and distal pulses after the procedure.

Answer 18

helps physician tell if there is atelectasis, pneumonia

Answer 19

measures CO2 instead of O2.

Answer 20

pt. Has to lay flat. Injected dye, evaluate kidney function

Answer 21

objective measurements of lung capacity. mask

Answer 22

can be done at the pt. Bedside. Enters through the side, puncture to create more room to expand lunds. - Nurse job: hug them so they don't move during the procedure. Pt. immediately feels better unless they puncture the lung. - Watch for bleeding, internal bleeding, liver functions, etc

Answer 23

most invasive. A flexible tube with a camera goes through the bronchioles. Moderate anesthesia. Direct test to see inside the lungs. - Pre-procedure: NPO - Post-procedure: respiratory distress, reflex return

Answer 24

Manage modifiable risk factors (diet, exercise, alcohol, smoking, stress/anxiety) Smoking cessation

Answer 25

BP, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL COPD, asthma, emphysema, HF

Answer 26

Yearly influenza vaccine for everyone (6 months and older) Vaccine against pneumococcal disease (pneumonia, meningitis) for eldery and at-risk populations COVID-19 vaccine

Answer 27

Frequent management of dust at home (frequent vacuuming, removing carpeting,etc) Using a mask when exposure to irritants is likely Occupational exposures can trigger respiratory problems (paint, varnish, asbestos, fumes) Monitor for pollution alerts and pollen alerts Use air filters, air conditioners

Answer 28

Anxiety management Energy conservation techniques Pursed-lip breathing/ Smell the Roses, Blow out the Candles - Reduces anxiety/panic by slowing expiration and preventing collapse of smaller airways - Gives a sense of control How-to: - Sit upright. Inhale through the nose to the count of 3. Exhale slowly and evenly through pursed lips to the count of 7. Contract abdominal muscles while exhaling. Repeat.

Answer 29

To create a more functional respiratory pattern, especially for people with COPD. Decreases RR, increases gas exchange in more alveoli How –to: - Place one hand on the abdomen and one on the chest. Inhale through the nose while letting the abdomen protrude as much as possible. Exhale through pursed lips while contracting abdominal muscles and pressing upward and inward with your hand. Repeat for 1 minutes. Practice several times a day.

Answer 30

Mobilization of secretions Oral hydration - 2-3 liters of oral fluid intake/day to help thin secretions - CHF can't do a full 3 liters

Answer 31

Coughing Productive or Nonproductive Effective or Noneffective Medications - Expectorants - Suppressants - Lozenges

Answer 32

cough and deep breathiing, and spirometer

Answer 33

Helps to mobilize secretions for large amounts of secretions or ineffective coughs Selective usefulness in some populations Usually performed by RT, PT, specially trained nurses Use of percussion, vibration, and postural drainage

Answer 34

Required when patient is unable to clear secretions - Perform as often as necessary, but avoid excessive suctioning Oropharynx or nasopharynx suctioning removes secretions from the patient’s mouth or upper throat Tracheal suctioning - Requires sterile technique Risks of suctioning - Hypoxia: bc ur removing air - Tissue trauma/bleeding - Anxiety - Death (from hypoxia and cardiac stress) Use proper PPE, as exposure to secretions is likely (gloves, googles, mask, gown)

Answer 35

Endotracheal Tube (Intubation): more invasive. Tracheostomy: longer term use to protect the airway

Answer 36

Positioning - Upright, Fowlers, or Semi- Fowlers - Tripod - Prone Pain control C&DB IS

Answer 37

Tube placed in the pleural space to remove trapped air, blood, or fluid Creates negative pressure, allowing the lungs to expand more fully

Answer 38

Deep Breathing - In through the nose and out through the mouth. Inhale deeply enough to move the bottom ribs. Incentive Spirometry - Semi-Fowlers or upright position - Splint PRN - Exhale normally, place your mouth on the mouthpiece and inhale through the mouth. At full inhalation, instruct to hold breath for 3 seconds, if possible - Exhale normally - For best effect, use 10 times every hour while awake Following either of these activities, secretions may have been mobilized and a cough can help clear those secretions

Answer 39

Room air is 21% Oxygen Oxygen is administered with an order (treated like medication) - Must be managed by a licensed person (LPN, RN, RT, MD, etc.) - However, in an emergency treat the patient first, then get the order

Answer 40

- Hypoxia/Decreasing SpO2 - Tachypnea - Tachycardia/Chest pain - Often administered while recovering from anesthesia or while using opioids Safety: It is combustible and is often stored in compressed gas cylinders - Monitor tubing for effectiveness and evaluate overall effectiveness of this therapy

Answer 41

Attaches to the O2 outlet to adjust the amount of O2 being delivered Verify flow meter level regularly - Check each time you enter the room

Answer 42

Container of sterile water which provides moisture to the oxygen - Sterile water prevent infection - Prevent drying, cracking and bleeding of nasal mucosa

Answer 43

Store upright in an appropriate holder Verify how much oxygen is in the tank prior to and during use Use for transportation, short-term

Answer 44

Used i homes and long-term care Changes room air into medical grade oxygen using filters and sieves

Answer 45

Provides total amount of inspired air Oxygen delivery does NOT vary with breathing pattern/depth

Answer 46

Provides only part of the total inspired air More comfortable Oxygen delivery varies with breathing pattern/depth

Answer 47

Most common method of delivery Effective, easy to apply, most comfortable Can be used with mouth breathers Clients can eat, drink, talk, and perform ADL’s with NC in place Generally, 1-6 L/minute 24-44% FiO2 *Specialized nasal cannula can deliver high flow oxygen

Answer 48

High flow system 4-6 L/min The oxygen mixes with the air 24-40% FiO2

Answer 49

Covers mouth and nose Interferes with talking, eating, and drinking May lead to claustrophobic reaction Not suitable for COPD patients 5-8L/min 40-60% FiO2 - Trach collar is similar device, for use with tracheostomies

Answer 50

Delivery system with a bag attached to the bottom of the mask Oxygen supply flows into reservoir bag Has to valve that largely prevents the inhalation of room or exhaled air 10-15 L/min 80-95% FiO2

Answer 51

Bilevel positive airway pressure - Mechanical ventilator to assist inspiration - Creates different pressures in the airways during inhalation and exhalation - Positive pressure helps prevent atelectasis

Answer 52

Artificial ventilation of the lungs Requires an artificial airway Rate, depth, FiO2, and pressure can be set on the ventilator

Answer 53

Treatment for spontaneously breathing patients who would benefit from receiving high flow oxygen Flow may be from 2 - 60L/min depending on the patient Oxygen percent ranges from 21%-100% Used in hospitals and long term care facilities Humidified and warmed air

Answer 54

SpO2 (Pulse oximetry) - Non-invasive - Generally, between 95- 99% is normal - % of oxygen carried by the available hemoglobin to peripheral tissues - Cold hands/poor circulation can influence results Arterial Blood Gasses - Invasive - Used when precise values are necessary