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NURSING EXAM 3 > NUTRITION > Flashcards

NUTRITION Flashcards

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1
Q

nutrition science

A

the study of how food nourishes the body.

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2
Q

nutrients

A

specific biochemical substances used by the body to operate

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3
Q

vitamin A

A

affects visual acuity, skin and mucous membranes, and immune function.

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4
Q

vitamin D

A

provides calcium and phosphorus metabolism and stimulates calcium absorption.

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5
Q

vitamin E

A

is an antioxidant that protects Vitamin A.

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6
Q

vitamin K

A

helps the synthesis of certain proteins necessary for blood clotting

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7
Q

determining body weight female

A

100 lb (for height of 5 ft.) ± 5 lb. for each additional inch over 5 ft

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8
Q

determining body weight males

A

106 lb (for height of 5 ft.) ± 6 lb. for each additional inch over 5 ft.

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9
Q

basal metabolic rate

A

Amount of calories needed to carry out the involuntary activities of the body while it rests.

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10
Q

BMR men and women

A

BMR is about 1 cal/kg of body weight per hour for men
BMR is about 0.9 cal/kg of body weight per hour for women

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11
Q

factors that increase BMR

A

Growth, infections, fever, emotional tension, extreme environmental temperatures, elevated levels of certain hormones (epinephrine, thyroid hormones)

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12
Q

factors that decrease BMR

A

Aging, prolonged fasting, and sleep

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13
Q

factors that effect oral intake

A

Developmental Considerations
State of Health: increase need
Alcohol Abuse: altered absorption of nutrients. Increased need for vitamin B
Medications: interact with meds to change absorption
Economic Factors: healthier foods cost more. Use seasonal produce and remind to considered cost per serving
Religion: periods of fasting
Culture: how its prepared and related to eating.

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14
Q

dysphagia: neuro

A

CVA: cerebral vascular accident/ stroke
50% who experienced CVA experiences dysphagia
ALS: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or Lou gehrig’s diseases
PD: parkinson’s disease
Myasthenia gravis

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15
Q

dysphagia: traumatic/surgical

A

Oral/throat surgery
Cancer therapy
Ingestion of caustic substances
- Maintain NPO don’t give aspirin. Until you can observe their experience of swallowing

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16
Q

s/sx of dysphagia

A

Coughing or gagging while eating
Choking
Aspiration: passage of food or fluid from the esophagus from the trachea. Leads to aspiration pneumonia → leads to death
- May exhibit
coughing, trouble
breathing.etc.
Frequently silent without symptoms
Drooling
Pockets of food retained in the mouth
Gargly sounding voice
Sensation of food getting stuck in the throat

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17
Q

interventions for dysphagia

A

Have suction set up, and oxygen available
HOB at 45⁰ at all times
HOB at 90⁰ (or in a chair) for meals and for 30 minutes after meal
Provide appropriate level of assistance or supervision at meal times
Know what time the client’s tray arrives
Allow sufficient time to assist the client
Head tilted slightly forward
Encourage small bites
Feed slowly in a relaxed atmosphere
Discourage talking while chewing
Place food in the unaffected side of the mouth

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18
Q

thickened liquids

A

Milkshake
Slushy
- Nutritional substance gets added

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19
Q

pureed/ smooth food

A

Pudding
Mashed potatoes

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20
Q

foods easy to swallow

A

Cooked veggies
Ground meat
Creamed soup
Iced fruit

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21
Q

NPO diet

A

Can be strict but can take medications, can have ice chips. Depends on the circumstance of the pt.

22
Q

clear liquids/ full liquids diet

A

Jello, black coffee, anything clear you can see through. Liquid at room temperature

23
Q

GI soft/ low residue

A

Gentle to digest
- White rice, tea, applesauce, bananas, toast

24
Q

high fiber diet

A

Whole grain foods. Fruits and veggies 25 grams of fiber per day

25
Q

low sodium/ low cholesterol diet

A

3.4 grams of sodium a day. Used a preservative and can be found in processed meats
Low cholesterol: lean meats

26
Q

diabetic diet ADA

A

No added sugar diet. Carb controlled diet

27
Q

regular diet

A

No restrictions. Can eat mcdonalds lol

28
Q

pureed diet

A

Unable to chew food. Similar to baby food

29
Q

mechanical soft

A

Easy to chew but may have missing teeth or some reason can’t chew regular food

30
Q

enteral feeding

A

tube feeding. Could be a supplemental order

31
Q

enteral feeding

A

administration of a liquid formula through a tube into the GI tract.
- Nasogastric
- Gastrostomy
- Jejunostomy

32
Q

parenteral nutrition

A

Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN): administered nutrition directly into the bloodstream. through an IV central line.

33
Q

feeding enteral tube

A

Administration of nutritional formula via tube in the digestive system

34
Q

lavage enteral tube

A

Removal of stomach content.
- Accidental poisoning, overdose
- May instill NS to “wash” the stomach

35
Q

decompression enteral tube

A

Connected to low intermittent wall suction.
Treats: bowel obstructions, Paralytic ileus, and prevents distention

36
Q

NG tube placement

A

Can go into trachea. Pt may experience coughing, not being able to talk, SOB
- gastric pH: aspirating and gastric content comes out
- tube length: tube goes in at 60 length but you come back and its at 15 and about to fall out
- visualization of contents: can listen with stethoscope

37
Q

Dobbhoff/Corpak

A

Smaller tube diameter
Softer plastic
Soak in an ice bath to firm up plastic for easier insertion
Used only for feeding
Can not aspirate or tube will collapse
Confirm placement only with X-ray

38
Q

Gastrostomy- G tube/ PEG tube

A

Inserted through the abdominal wall directly into the stomach
- Surgical procedure (difference from PEG tube is how they are inserted)
- Incision in the abdominal wall
- Sutured in place
For long term use

39
Q

Jejunostomy - j tube

A

Tube inserted through the abdominal wall directly into the jejunum
Regurgitation and aspiration is prevented
- The stomach is bypassed
Emesis may still occur

40
Q

Maintain patency

A

Irrigate with 30-60 ml of warm water

41
Q

maintain suction

A

Shut off suction for abdominal assessment
Shut off for 30 min after administering meds to assure we do not suction out meds

42
Q

tube feeding adminastrion

A

Fowler’s position
Verify placement
Check residual*
Clean technique
Formula should be kept at room temperature
Hang only enough to infuse in 8 or less hours.*
Formula may be diluted*
Label administration tubing/syringe with the date and time*

43
Q

bolus feeding

A

Every so many of hours the pt will be fed.

44
Q

formula feeding

A

is a bag of nutrition and the pt. Is connected to pump throughout the day

45
Q

checking gastric residual volume

A

Aspirate gastric content via the tube
- Measure the amount aspirated
Return aspirated contents to the stomach
Check MD order for acceptable residual amount prior to feeding
- Usually notify provider if residual is greater than 200ml (pt at risk for aspiration and absorption deficiency)

46
Q

complications

A

Diarrhea
- Most common
- More frequent with continuous feedings
- Frequent perineal care therefore high risk for aspiration
Dry mouth
Aspiration
Displacement of tube
Mucosal/skin irritation
Electrolyte imbalance
Elevated blood glucose levels
Gastric distention
Occlusion

47
Q

medication administration

A

Liquid form of medication is preferred
Many tablets can be crushed and dissolved in water
**Do not crush enteric coated or time released capsules
Many capsules can be opened and dissolved in water, check drug guide

48
Q

medication administration enteral route

A

se a bulb/piston 60 mL syringe or an oral/enteral syringe.
**Gather 60 ml warm water. 30 ml water will be needed to flush before and after med administration
Follow the three checks, triple checks and six rights. Use 2 patient identifiers
Crush and dilute medications in warm water
Perform any necessary assessments (vital signs, apical pulse, skin integrity).
Elevate HOB to 30-45 degrees. Place chux or towel under the tube.

49
Q

TPN

A

Also known as hyperalimentation
Infused into a central line.
Hypertonic Solution
Larger solution over a short period of time.
Used for those with
- Difficulty absorbing nutrients
- Persistent nausea and vomiting
- Need for complete bowel rest
Individually created for that specific pt. Make it costly and have a special health care team.

50
Q

complications with TPN

A

Complications: infection, fluid overload, metabolic imbalances, pulmonary edema

51
Q

nursing responsibilities TPN

A

I & O- increased urinary output
Daily weights- evaluate nutritional status
Assess and manage central line- prevent infections
Monitor lab values
- Glucose- during
- hyperglycemia. When its finished hypoglycemia
- Urine ketones and specific gravity
- BUN, Liver function
- Electrolytes

NURSING EXAM 3 (6 decks)

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