oxygenation Flashcards
*External respiration is __________________________
O2 and CO2 exchange in the lungs
*Internal respiration is __________________________
capillary-tissue gas exchange and involves the
exchange of O2 and CO2 in the body cell’s/ blood
*what is hypoxia
*s/s of hypoxia
*low oxygen levels in tissues
*apprehension, restlessness, inability to concentrate, declining LOC, dizziness, confusion, behavioral changes, orthopnea, nasal flaring
*↑respiratory and heart rate
*headache
*late signs: cyanosis, clubbing of the fingers
what’s hypoxemia and what are s/s
*inadequate oxygen in the blood
*central cyanosis- tongue, soft palate, conjunctiva
What is the difference in the “drive to breathe” for a ‘normal’ person versus one who has COPD?
*For the “normal” person, it’s primarily the level of CO2 in the blood
*With COPD it’s primarily lower levels of oxygen in the blood or hypoxic state
what’s peak flow?
*Used to measure how well lungs are working by measuring the amount of air exhaled with a forceful breath
*Expressed in L/min
*Allows day to day measurements and comparisons
Sites to monitor with a pulse ox?
Adults – finger, earlobe, nose, forehead
Infants – foot, heel, toe
purpose of Spirometry?
*SMI/Inspirex
*promotes deep breathing
*prevent or treat atelectasis
*Strengthens lungs
*For lung expansion
*Use 5 – 10 times an hour while awake
*Allow rest periods
purpose of Nebulizers?
*medication is delivered by small aerosolized droplets that can be inhaled deeply into the lungs
Nasal cannula
*flow 0.5 – 6 L/ min
*~24- 44%
*used the most/first
Oxymask
*1-15L/min
*(24% - 90%)
*Cost effective- one device at multiple delivery rates of oxygen
Simple face mask
*flow 5– 10 L/min
*40 – 60%
*Can make patient feel claustrophobic, watch for skin breakdown
*Do not use with flow rates less than 5 LPM
Venturi mask
*flow 4 – 12 L/min
*24% - 50%
*Delivers precise amounts of oxygen, uses dial type barrel
*COPD
Partial rebreather
*flow 6– 10/15L /min,
*50 – 80/90%
*Reservoir bag, needs to stay 1/3 to ½ full with inspiration
Nonrebreather
*6–10/15 L/min
*70 – 95% (some say up to 100%)
*one-way valve keeps exhaled air from entering the reservoir bag, bag needs to stay 1/3 to ½ full with inspiration
Face tent
*8 – 12L/min,
*30 – 55%
*very humidified
*Watch for fluid build up in tubing and skin breakdown
Tracheostomy collar or T-piece
*4 – 10L/min
*24 – 100%,
*usually must humidify (unless well established tracheostomy)
*Watch for fluid build up in tubing
Oxygen hood
*infants
*21 – 100%
*used to deliver warm, humidified oxygen to infant’s head who are breathing on their own but need help with oxygenation
Oxygen tent
*10 – 15L/min
*30%
*protect client from getting cold
For adults, oral suction should be set to ________
*100- 150 mm Hg
what size suction catheter should be used for an adult?
12 – 18 French
what size suction catheter should be used for a child?
8 – 10 French
what size suction catheter should be used for infants?
5- 8 French
critical items to have at the bedside of a patient with a new tracheostomy?
*Suction equipment
*Oxygen delivery device with humidification
*An obturator (used to insert the trach tube)
*A trach tube the same size as currently in and one a size smaller
*A bag valve mask (Ambu bag)
*sterile gauze to block trach’s hole PLUS an occlusive dressing
room air is __% oxygen
21%
For every 1 liter of oxygen you add on, you add on ___ of oxygen
*3%
*1L = 24%
*2L = 27%, etc.
Once you hit __ liters/min, turn on HUMIDITY!
4 liters
what’s a cuff trach for?
For someone with a lot of secretions to prevent aspiration
where can you hear lung sounds (bronchial, bronchovesicular, vesicular)?
bronchial: up around trachea
bronchovesicular: ~2nd intercostal space, sternal borders
vesicular: everywhere else in lungs
