Asepsis Flashcards

1
Q

how are wounds characterized?

A

cause, severity of tissue damage, cleanliness

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2
Q

when assessing wounds, need to assess and document what?

A

*type of wound (acute/chronic, pressure ulcer/surgical wound, intentional/contaminated)
*location
*appearance (open/closed)
*tissue types and amounts (granulation, slough, eschar %)
*Periwound assessments (RITA)
*staples/sutures/glue?
*size (LxWxD)
*tunneling/undermining with clock positioning
*tissue damage (full, partial)
*drainage/exudate (COCA)
*drains/tubes?
*dressing removal
*wound cleaning? Or irrigation?
*new wound dressing/materials
*patients response (tolerance, pain scale during/after)
*education (pt was educated on the importance of repositioning and increasing protein intake)

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3
Q

acute wounds heal in about _______

A

2-4 weeks, otherwise they’re considered chronic

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4
Q

wound size is measured in what unit?

A

centimeters

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5
Q

abdominal pad

A

AKA: ABD
*high absorbency
*used as a secondary dressing

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6
Q

non-adherent dressing

A

mild-moderate drainage
Example: Telfa or Bandaid

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7
Q

transparent dressing

A

Self-adhesive
Semipermable
Traps moisture
good for IV dressings
Ideal for small superficial wounds

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8
Q

foam

A

moderate to heavy exudate
Provides thermal insulation and protection
Does not stick to wound
Example: Mepilex (Foam with adhesive border)

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9
Q

alginate dressing

A

Heavy Exudate Absorbers
Forms soft gel while absorbing drainage
Not for dry wounds

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10
Q

hydrocolloid

A

Occlusive hydrophilic (water loving)
changed every 3-5 days
maintains moist healing, can be used in clean and necrotic wounds.
For light to moderate drainage
Can mold to shape of body (heels, buttocks)
Ex. Tegasorb, duoderm

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11
Q

hydrogel dressing

A

Gauze of sheet dressing impregnated with water or glycerin
High water content creating jelly like consistency that does not adhere to wound bed
Promote moist environment and rehydrate wound bed
For minimal drainage

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12
Q

Jackson-Pratt

A

bulb, constant pressure, closed drainage device

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13
Q

Hemovac

A

circular with spring, constant pressure, closed drainage device

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14
Q

Wound Vacuum Assisted Closure

A

packed black foam, Suction and negative pressure facilitates healing
Dressing changed 3 times weekly, drainage canister changed weekly or as needed

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15
Q

Culturing a wound; what drainage do you collect?

A

clean the wound first b/c you don’t want old drainage

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16
Q

Stage 1 pressure injury

A

Nonblanchable Erythema of intact skin

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17
Q

Stage 2 pressure injury

A

Partial Thickness Skin Loss
*Presents as a shallow open ulcer with a red-pink wound bed
*No slough.
*Can present as an intact or open serum-filled blister
*Shiny or dry

18
Q

Stage 3 Pressure Injury

A

Full Thickness Skin Loss
*subq and adipose exposed
*may be slough or eschar
*bone/tendon/muscle NOT exposed
*may have undermining/tunneling

19
Q

Stage 4 pressure injury

A

*full thickness loss
*Bone, tendon, or muscle exposed or directly palpable
*slough or eschar, maybe
*undermining and tunneling common
*often requires a year to fully heal

20
Q

urine: freshly voided (purpose?)

A

This method is used when identification of bacteria or infection is not required.

21
Q

urine: sterile specimen
*how to obtain sample?
*what’s it used for?

A

*clamping a drainage bag and withdrawing with a syringe OR using a straight cath
*urine culture

22
Q

what can be identified with a stool sample?

A

infection, parasites, and presence of blood

23
Q

what can be identified with a nasal swab?

A

MRSA, influenza and RSV

24
Q

what do you swab when obtaining a wound sample?

A

first clean wound, THEN swab area of red granulation in wound bed

25
read TB test results how long after administering?
48-72 hours
26
what does it mean to heal by primary intention?
the edges of the wound are well approximated (brought together well = touching). ex: paper cut or surgical incision
27
healing by secondary intention
a wound is intentionally left open to heal through granulation. granulation/contraction/epithelialization. Heals from the inside out. Higher risk of infection but longer healing time. Ex. pressure injury
28
healing by tertiary intention
the closure of the wound is intentionally delayed so we can irrigate/debride the wound and observe it for about a week THEN we will close it when risk of infection is lower
29
ARF
acute renal failure
30
anuria
lack of urine production
31
dysuria
discomfort when urinating
32
ESRD
end stage renal disease
33
enuresis
bedwetting
34
hematuria
blood in urine
35
oliguria
low urine output
36
nephropathy
deterioration of kidney function = the final stage of end-stage renal disease. Kidney failure
37
nephrotoxic
rapid deterioration of kidney function due to toxic effects of medications and chemicals. Nephrotoxins are substances displaying nephrotoxicity
38
nocturia
frequent urination at night
39
micturition
the action of urinating
40
pessary
a silicone device that is inserted into the vagina to support the uterus/vagina/bladder or rectum. It's most often used to treat prolapse of the uterus but can also help to relieve urinary incontinence
41
proteinuria
protein in urine
42
pyuria
the presence of WBC's in the urine