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NSG320/321 - Royce > oxygenation > Flashcards

oxygenation Flashcards

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1
Q

respiratory meds are broken down into which 2 categories? (MOA)

A

bronchodilators + anti-inflammatory

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2
Q

what kind of drugs are beta 2 adrenergic agonists?

A

sympathomimetics (emergency drugs!!)

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3
Q

Beta 2 adrenergic agonists end in what?

A

“____terol”

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4
Q

what is the drug of choice for bronchoconstriction/asthma attack?

A

SABA (short acting) - think, emergency, so has to work quickly!!

ALBUTEROL

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5
Q

what are the 2 subcategories of beta 2 adrenergic agonists? which of those is considered a “rescue med?” and which is a “maintenance med?”

A

LABA (long acting) + SABA (short acting)

  • SABA is rescue med - emergency drug!!*
  • LABA is maintenance med, for prevention*
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6
Q

what is the prototype for SABA?

A

albuTEROL

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7
Q

onset of albuterol

A

IMMEDIATE (think: it’s a SHORT ACTING beta adrenergic agonist)

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8
Q

what is the prototype for LABA?

A

salmeTEROL

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9
Q

which drug within the bronchodilators is NEVER to be used as monotherapy due to increased risk of death?

A

salmeterol (usually combined with glucocorticoid)

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10
Q

possible SE of beta 2 adrenergic agonists in HIGH DOSES

A

tachycardia, palpitations, tremors, angina

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11
Q

describe proper administration of MDI (ex: albuterol)

A

start to inhale –> activate inhaler –> hold breath 10 seconds –> wait 1 MINUTE before next inhalation

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12
Q

what is the MOA of anticholinergics?

A

blocking the PNS

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13
Q

anticholinergics are CONTRAINDICATED in patients with which condition? also, which allergy?

A

glaucoma (can increase IOP) // peanut allergy

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14
Q

re: bronchodilators/oxygenation, what is the prototype for anticholinergics?

A

ipratropium

“you can’t Pee with ‘UM”

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15
Q

SE of ipratropium

A

dry mouth

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16
Q

what will you often see ipratropium ordered with? why?

A

ipratropium + albuterol

(works on PNS + works on SNS)

ADDITIVE

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17
Q

prototypes for methylxanthines (don’t really focus/worry about these) :)

A

theophylline (PO)

aminophylline (IV)

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18
Q

review: MOA of glucocorticoids (simple)

A

inhibit immune + inflammatory response

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19
Q

re: anti-inflammatory drugs/oxygenation, what is the prototype for glucocorticoids?

A

beclomethaSONE

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20
Q

how long can it take for beclomethasone to “kick in”/full effect?

A

1-4 weeks
…NOT a life-saving med! takes too long!
is a PREVENTION med

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21
Q

SE of beclomethasone

A

candidiasis

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22
Q

how can we combat the SE of candidiasis with beclomethasone?

A

use this inhaler LAST + rinse/spit

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23
Q

name of oral and IV glucocorticoid for acute bronchoconstriction, COPD

A

prednisone (PO)

solumedrol (IV) - methylprednisolone

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24
Q

describe what the transition from oral to inhaled glucocorticoids would look like, and why?

Study These Flashcards
A

done SLOWLY. meds must overlap.

to avoid adrenal insufficiency

25
re: oxygenation, what is the prototype for LEUKotriene modifier
monteLUKast (Singulair)
26
MOA for monteLUKast
blocks inflammation --> less edema, inflammation, bronchoconstriction
27
what is monteLUKast used for?
prevention/maintenance of chronic asthma | NOT a rescue drug!!
28
re: oxygenation, what is the prototype for monoclonal antibodies?
omalizumab (Xolair) "Oma is allergic to Liz"
29
what is omalizumab used for? and when is it used?
allergy-related asthma (severe, persistent) | used when high dose steroids haven't worked (last resort)
30
what is the severe SE of omalizumab? what are standards for observation after this drug is administered?
anaphylaxis | observe 2 hours after 1st dose 3x, then 30 mins q dose after
31
describe route and frequency of omalizumab admin
Subcutaneous q 2-4 weeks
32
re: oxygenation, what is the prototype for phosphodiesterase type 4 (PDE4) inhibitor?
roflumilast
33
when would we use phosphodiesterase inhibitor? what is the prototype?
severe COPD w/chronic bronchitis (END STAGE) roflumiLAST
34
serious SE of roflumilast
psychiatric effects :(
35
allergic rhinitis drugs can be broken down into which 2 categories?
preventers + relievers
36
prototype for 1st generation antihistamine
diphenhydramine (Benadryl)
37
prototype for 2nd generation antihistamine
loratidine (Claritin)
38
antihistamines work BEST if taken ______?
prophylactically -with loratidine, ideally, several weeks before allergies start kicking in
39
between 1st and 2nd generation antihistamines, which produce LESS sedation? what is the prototype for that one?
2nd gen - loratidine (Claritin)
40
which drug is MOST effective for seasonal allergies?
fluticasone (Flonase)
41
re: allergic rhinitis, what is the prototype for intranasal glucocorticoids?
fluticasone
42
SE of fluticasone
specific to nasal passages: burning, drying, epistaxis
43
tips / tricks to avoid SE of fluticasone
nose to toes, avoid placing tip near septum, GENTLY sniff in
44
re: allergic rhinitis, another name for sympathomimetics is what?
decongestants
45
prototype for PO decongestant
pseudoephedrine (Sudafed)
46
prototype for intranasal decongestant (sympathomimetic)
oxymetazoline (Afrin)
47
re: allergic rhinitis, how are decongestants (sympathomimetics) working?
alpha 1 agonist --> acting on vessels --> constricting --> decrease secretions --> decrease congestion
48
SE of pseudoephedrine
HTN, insomnia
49
which patients should we NOT use pseudoephedrine with?
cardiac patients - stimulating the SNS system so this drug impacts the heart!
50
with oxymetazoline (Afrin), what is that patient at risk for? how can we combat this?
rebound congestion w/cessation *USE NO MORE THAN 3-5 DAYS*
51
anti-tussive drugs can be _____ or ____-______
opioid or non-opioid
52
prototype for opioid anti-tussive drug
codeine (often combo drug)
53
prototype for non-opioid anti-tussive drug
dextromethorphan (Robitussin)
54
stopping a cough isn't always beneficial. T/F? under which circumstances would we want to stop a cough?
TRUE. tx if disrupting sleep or daily life
55
what do expectorants or mucolytics do?
increase bronchial secretions | make cough more productive
56
expectorant prototype
guaifenesin (Mucinex)
57
mucolytic prototype
acetylcystine (Mucomyst)
58
what is another non-pharmacological example of a mucolytic?
hypertonic saline in a neb

NSG320/321 - Royce (17 decks)

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