IV Solutions

Question 1

Isotonic Solution Tonicity

Answer 1

Meaning: Same Tonicity

250-350 milliosmoles/L

Ex: 0.9% Sodium Chloride or Lactated Ringers

Question 2

Hypotonic Solution Tonicity

Answer 2

Meaning: Under/Less Tonicity

<200 milliosmoles/L

Ex: 0.45% Sodium Chloride or 5% Dextrose in Water

Question 3

Hypertonic Solution Tonicity

Answer 3

Meaning: Over/More Tonicity

> 350 milliosmoles/L

Ex: 3% Sodium Chloride or 10% Dextrose in Water

Question 4

Isotonic Solution Water Movement

Answer 4

Water stays in the veins and interstitial tissues, dose not move into cells.

Question 5

Hypotonic Solution Water Movement

Answer 5

Water moves from the veins into the cells.

Question 6

Hypertonic Solution Water Movement

Answer 6

Water moves from the cells into the veins.

Question 7

Isotonic Solution Complication

Answer 7

Can cause fluid overload.

Question 8

Hypotonic Solution Complication

Answer 8

Can cause cerebral edema.

Question 9

Hypertonic Solution Complications

Answer 9

Can cause cellular dehydration and fluid volume overload.

Question 10

Uses of 0.9% Sodium Chloride

Answer 10

Increase fluid volume
Blood Transfusion
Replace lost fluids

Question 11

Contraindications of 0.9% Sodium Chloride

Answer 11

Heart Failure
Pulmonary Edema
Renal Failure
Hypernatremia

Question 12

Uses of Lactated Ringers (LR)

Answer 12

Fluid resuscitation

Metabolic Acidosis

Question 13

Contraindications of Lactated Ringer (LR)

Answer 13

Heart Failure
Renal Failure
Head Injury
Liver Disease
Respiratory Alkalosis

Question 14

What is Normal Saline (NS)?

Answer 14

0.9% Sodium Chloride or 0.9% NaCl

Question 15

What is Half Normal Saline (1/2NS)?

Answer 15

0.45% Sodium Chloride or 0.45% NaCl

Question 16

What is Lactate Ringers (LR)?

Answer 16

A mixture of electrolytes with lactate.

Question 17

What does lactate in Lactated Ringers do?

Answer 17

Lactate can be converted to bicarbonate by the liver.

Question 18

Lactate Ringers can be used to treat which condition?

• Acidosis
• Alkalosis
• Renal Failure
• Caloric Deficit

Answer 18

Acidosis

Question 19

What is D5W?

Answer 19

5% Dextrose in Water

Question 20

How many calories dose 1 liter of D5W provide?

Answer 20

170 kcal

Question 21

What IV solution is used when preparing a blood transfusion?

Answer 21

0.9% Sodium Chloride

Administration with D5W or D5NS can cause cell hemolysis.
Administration with LR can cause blood clots.

Question 22

Hemolysis can occur with the administration of which type of IV solution?
Hypotonic / Isotonic / Hypertonic

Answer 22

Hemolysis can occur with the administration of hypotonic IV solutions.

Question 23

D5W is an isotonic solution that becomes a ____tonic solution after the dextrose is metabolized?

Answer 23

Hypo