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Respiratory Physiology > Oxygen Transport in the Blood > Flashcards

Oxygen Transport in the Blood Flashcards

1
Q

What happens to the partial pressure oxygen throughout the system?

A

Gradually decreases from the air to the tissues

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2
Q

What is the PO2 of oxygen in the air in kPa?

A

13.3

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3
Q

What is the PO2 of oxygen in the tissues in kPa?

A

5.3 kPa

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4
Q

What is Henry’s Law?

A

The amount of gas dissolved in a given volume & type of liquid is proportional to the partial pressure of the gas in equilibrium with the liquid at a constant temperature

Therefore the O2 amount dissolved in blood is proportional to partial pressure

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5
Q

Why is the majority of oxygen not transported in dissolved form?

A

Because the amount of dissolved oxygen isn’t enough to maintain the cells’ viability

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6
Q

How is most oxygen transported in the blood?

A

Bound to haemoglobin in Red blood Cells

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7
Q

What does a molecules of haemoglobin consist of?

A

Hamm groups, alpa and beta chain with flat surfaces to contain oxygen + iron

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8
Q

What is the function of haemoglobin?

A

To reversibly bind to oxygen

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9
Q

How many oxygen molecules can each haem group reversibly bind?

A

One

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10
Q

What is the primary factor in determination of % saturation of haemoglobin with oxygen?

A

Partial pressure of oxygen

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11
Q

Dissolved O2 _______ with PO2 but not significantly

A

increases

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12
Q

What does the oxygen concentration needed for haemoglobin saturation depend on?

A

Available haemoglobin

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13
Q

What will occur in regards of haemoglobin if PO2 is normal?

A

It will become fully saturated

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14
Q

What is the oxygen delivery index?

A

Function of oxygen content of arterial blood and cardiac index

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15
Q

What is the cardiac index?

A

Relates the cardiac output to body surface area

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16
Q

What is the normal range for the cardiac index?

A

2.4 - 4.2

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17
Q

What is CaO2?

A

The oxygen content of arterial blood in ml/L

18
Q

What determines CaO2?

A

The haemoglobin concentration and the saturation of Hb with O2

19
Q

How many millilitres of oxygen does one haemoglobin molecule carry?

A

1.34 ml

20
Q

How can CaO2 be calculated?

A

1.34 x [Hb] x SaO2

21
Q

What is SaO2?

A

%Hb saturated with oxygen

22
Q

What can impair oxygen delivery to the tissues?

A

Decreased partial pressure of oxygen

23
Q

What can cause a decreased partial pressure of oxygen?

A

Respiratory disease
Anaemia
Heart failure

24
Q

How can respiratory disease decrease PO2?

A

Causes decreased arterial PO2 and therefore lower saturation of Hb as well as decreased blood oxygen content

25
Q

How can anaemia decrease PO2?

A

Decreases Hb concentration and therefore O2 content in the blood

26
Q

How can heart failure decrease PO2?

A

Decreases cardiac output

27
Q

What determines the partial pressure of oxygen in inspired air?

A

Atmospheric/Total pressure + proportion of oxygen in a gas mixture

28
Q

What is the proportion of oxygen in the atmosphere?

A

21%

29
Q

The air in the respiratory tract is saturated with water; how much does water vapour pressure contribute to total pressure?

A

Approx. 47 mmHg

30
Q

What is the standard PAO2 level?

A

100 mmHg at sea level

31
Q

What is meant by co-operative binding?

A

That when oxygen binds to Hb, Hb’s affinity for oxygen increases

32
Q

What does the sigmoid shape of the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve indicate?

A

That a moderate fall in PO2 will not affect oxygen loading much in distal tissues
And that peripheral tissues get a lot more oxygen for a small drop in PO2

33
Q

What is the Bohr Effect?

A

That haemoglobin’s oxygen binding affinity is inversely related to acidity and carbon dioxide concentration

34
Q

What does an increased PCO2 / [H+] / Temperature / 2,3-biphosphoglycerate show on the oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve according to the Bohr effect?

A

A shift to the right

35
Q

How does foetal haemoglobin differ in its structure from adult haemoglobin?

A

Hbf contains 2 alpha and 2 gamma subunits so it interacts less with 2,3-biphosphogylcerate in red blood cells

36
Q

HbF has a _____ affinity for O2 than HbA

A

higher

37
Q

Where is myoglobin present?

A

Skeletal and cardiac muscle

38
Q

How many haem groups does myoglobin contain?

A

1

39
Q

Myoglobin provides _______ O2 storage in ______ conditions

A

short-term

anaerobic

40
Q

What does the presence of myoglobin in the blood indicate?

A

Muscle damage

Respiratory Physiology (5 decks)

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