Oxygen transport

Question 1

Cardiovascular and pulmonary PT

non-invasive interventions

Answer 1

• Reverse or mitigate insults in O2 transport
• Eliminate, delay, or reduce the need for medical interventions
  
  • Supplemental O2,
  • intubation
  • mechanical ventilation,
  • suctioning,
  • bronchoscopy,
  • chest tubes,
  • surgery
  • medication

Question 2

calories per gram

fat, protein, carb

Answer 2

9, 4, 4

Question 3

oxygen transport

Answer 3

• Delivery of oxygenated blood to tissues
• Cellular uptake of O2
• Use of O2 by the tissue
• Return of partially desaturated blood to lungs
• Basis for conceptualizing cardiovascular and pulmonary function and diagnosis and management of dysfunction

Question 4

O₂ saturation

sick vs. healthy

Answer 4

lower

Question 5

O₂ transport variables

Answer 5

1. Do2- delivery of oxygen
2. Vo2- consumption of oxygen
3. OER - oxygen extraction

Question 6

Do2

Answer 6

delivery of oxygen

arterial O₂ content and CO

Question 7

Vo₂

Answer 7

oxygen consumption

A-V O₂ difference (ability to diffuse across alveolus) and CO

Question 8

OER

Answer 8

oxygen extraction

take O₂ out of the system on the tissue level and deliver it

Question 9

energy transfer:

cell metabolism

purpose

Answer 9

do the function of the cell

Question 10

cell metabolism

aerobic vs. anaerobic

Answer 10

some require O2, some don’t

overlap

Question 11

metabolic acidosis

Answer 11

overproduction of CO₂ and body is inefficient at removing it

Question 12

Oxygen transport

diffusion

Answer 12

1. across cell membrane alveoli to capillary
2. capillary to mitochondria
3. delivery by demand

Question 13

Diffusion from capillary to Mitochondria

Answer 13

• Metabolic rate
• Vascular resistance
• Capillary recruitment
• Tissue O₂ consumption

Question 14

Diffusion across cell membrane alveoli to capillary

Answer 14

Hemoglobin concentration
O₂ saturation
Cardiac Output

Question 15

O₂ content in blood

Answer 15

98% carried in Hemoglobin

2% in Plasma

Question 16

O₂ content in blood

How does exercise influence?

Answer 16

Dissociation of O2 from blood to tissue influenced by Heat and Acidity produced by Exercise

Question 17

hemoglobin, RBCs, O₂ in the body

Answer 17

250 million hemoglobin per RBC
4 O₂ molecules per hemoglobin
20-30 trillion RBC’s in body

Question 18

O₂ delivery to tissues

Answer 18

O₂ Diffusion from capillaries to cells

• Blood Flow
• Pressure of O₂
• Capillary surface area (starting healthier, recovery should be quicker, more surface area)
• Capillary permeability
• Diffusion distance (more capillaries available, shorter distance)

Question 19

oxygen debt

Answer 19

EPOC (excess post-exercise oxygen consumption)

• demand for oxygen increases
• increased respiratory depth or rate

During Exercise

Pathology

Multiple Organ System Failure

Question 20

Quality and Quantity of Blood

Answer 20

• blood contained in vessels
• viscosity
• RBCs produced in response of hypoxemia

Question 21

Quality and Quantity of Blood

blood contained in vessels

Answer 21

Veins
Arteries
Pulmonary Tree
Capillary Beds

Question 22

polycythemia

Answer 22

overproduce RBCs without high altitude

treated by bleeding

Question 23

hematocrit

Answer 23

proportion of RBCs in the plasma

• 38% in women (menstruation)
• 42% men

Question 24

opposite of polycythemia

Answer 24

anemia

low RBC content

Question 25

Steps in O₂ transport pathway

Answer 25

1. Quality of Ambient Air
2. Conduction Pathway for O₂
3. Lungs and Chest Wall
4. Diffusion
5. Perfusion
6. Myocardial Function
7. Peripheral Circulation
8. Tissue Extraction
9. Return of Partially Desaturated Blood