Oxygen therapy terminology Flashcards
APRV
Airway Pressure Release Ventilation:
Mechanical ventilation that allows unrestricted, spontaneous breaths throughout the ventilatory cycle;
n inpsiration patient receives preset level of continuous positive airway pressure, and pressure is periodically released to avoid air expiration.
A/C
Assist-control ventilation (A/C):
Mechanical ventilation where the pt’s breathing pattern may trigger the ventilator to deliver a preset tidal volume;
in the absence of spontaneous breathing, the machine delivers a controlled breath at a preset minimum rate and tidal volume.
CPT
Chest physiotherapy (CPT): therapy used to remove bronchial secretions, improve ventilation, and increase the efficiency of the respiratory muscles; types include postural drainage, chest percussion, and vibration
CPAP
Continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP):
Positive pressure applied throughout the resp cycle to a spontaneously breathing pt to promote alveolar and airway stability; may be administered with endotracheal or tracheostomy tube or by mask.
OPA
Oropharyngeal Airway
Allows you to suction through a central core, or along the side of the airway and maintain airway patency in an unconsious patient.
Semicircular, minimally flexible, curved piece of hard plastic.
When inserted extends to the pharynx.
Size is correct if the end of the the curve reaches the angle of the jaw.
Hypoxemia
Decrease in arterial oxygen in the blood.
Incentive Spirometry
Method of deep breathing that provides visual feedback to help the pt inhale deeply and slowly and achieve maximum lung inflation.
IMV
Intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV):
mechanical ventilation that provides a combination of mechanically assisted breaths and spontaneous breaths.
PEEP
Positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP):
Positive pressure maintained by the ventilator at the end of exhalation (instead of a normal zero pressure) to increase functional residual capacity and open collapsed alveoli; improves oxygenation with lower fraction of inspired oxygen.
What is the goal oxygen therapy?
to transport enough oxygen in the blood while decreasing the work of breathing and reducing stress on the myocardium.
What are the indications for oyxgen therapy?
- A change in the pt’s resp rate or pattern – earliest indicator.
- Hypoxemia (is manifested by changes in heart rate (HR), dysrhythmias, central cyanosis (late sign), diaphoresis, and cool extremities. Hypoxemia can lead to hypoxia, reduced supply of O2 to the tissues, which can be life threatening)
How is the need for oxygen assessed?
by arterial blood gas analysis, pulse oximetry, and clinical evaluation.
Oxygen toxicity
Occurs when too high a concentration of oxygen (over 50%) is administered for an extended period of time. (longer then 48 hours)
It is caused by over production of oxygen free radicals, which are byproducts of cell metabolism.
If untreated this can damage or kills cells.
Treated with vitamin E, C, and beta-carotene.
Signs and symptoms: substernal discomfort, paresthesias, dyspnea, restlessness, fatigue, malaise, progressive respiratory difficulty, refractory hypoxemia, alveolar atelectasis.
Prevention is achieved only by using oxygen as prescribed. Its important to minimize duration of administration and reduce its concentration asap.
What is the purpose of incentive spirometry and when is it used?
- to ensure that the volume of air inhaled is increased gradually as the pt takes deeper breaths.
- after surgery, (especially thoracic and abdominal surgery), to promote the expansion of the alveoli and to prevent or treat atelectasis.
- The higher the ball rises, the deeper the breath.
Atelectasis
collapse or closure of a lung resulting in reduced or absent gas exchange.
