Oxidative Phosphorylation

Question 1

no. of electrons per NADH/ FADH2 molecule

Answer 1

2 high energy electrons

Question 2

Features of inner mitochondrial membrane

Answer 2

• invaginates (cristae)
  Hard to cross
  Negatively charged

Question 3

Malate asperate shuttle

Answer 3

• NAD/ NADH cant cross membrane

- shuttle transfers NAD/H across membrane

Question 4

Process of asperate shuttle

Answer 4

asperate -> oxaloacetate (reduced) -> malate
- NADH Oxidised
- Malate crosses membrane
malate (oxidised) ->oxaloacetate -> asperate

Question 5

Standard Redox Potential

Answer 5

Ability to be reduced (E*’)
+ve = reduced
-ve = oxidised

Question 6

Pumps used to transport protons

Answer 6

Complexes 1,3,4

Question 7

Role of high energy electrons

Answer 7

• donated by FADH2/NAD
• Reduces oxygen -> H20
• Process created a redox potential, drives protons up conc. gradient

Question 8

Generation Of ATP

Answer 8

• Protons flow down conc. gradients
  intermembrane space -> matrix
• Through ATP synthase

Question 9

ATP Synthase

Answer 9

• 2 sub units F0 + F1

Question 10

Features of ATP synthase F0 sub unit

Answer 10

• Hydrophobic (in membrane)
• Carbon cyclic chain
• Rotates due to H+
• Drives gamma sub unit of F1

Question 11

Features of F1 ATP synthase sub unit

Answer 11

• Into matrix
  gamma subunit spun by F0 subunit
• causes conformational change in beta sub unit
• ATP synthesised

Question 12

P/O value

Answer 12

phosphate to oxygen value

- high P/O = many ATP

Question 13

Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation

Answer 13

• Carbon Monoxide/ Cyanide

- bind to cytochrome, prevent H+ ion movement

Question 14

Uncoupling of electron transport chain

Answer 14

• H+ ions don’t flow through ATP synthase, generate heat instead
• possible diabetic cure

Question 15

Non Shivering Thermogenesis

Answer 15

• Brown Adipose tissue
• uncoupling of electron transport chain
• Generates heat not ATP