Oxidation-Reduction Reactions

Question 1

reactions that involve the transfer of electrons from one chemical species to another

Answer 1

oxidation-reduction reactions (redox)

Question 2

oxidation-reduction reactions:

loss of electrons

Answer 2

oxidation

Question 3

oxidation-reduction reactions:

gain of electrons

Answer 3

reduction

Question 4

oxidation vs reduction mnemonic

Answer 4

LEO the lion says GER: Loss of Electrons is Oxidation, Gain of Electrons is Reduction

Question 5

oxidation-reduction reactions:
causes another atom to undergo oxidation, while it itself is reduced; almost all contain O or a similarly electronegative atom

Answer 5

oxidizing agent

Question 6

oxidation-reduction reactions:

causes another atom to undergo reduction, while it itself is oxidized; often contain metal ions or hydrides (H-)

Answer 6

reducing agents

Question 7

are assigned to atoms in order to keep track of the redistribution of electrons during chemical reactions; 8 rules

Answer 7

oxidation numbers

Question 8

oxidation rule:
oxidation number of a free element is __
e.g. N2, P4, He

Answer 8

0

Question 9

oxidation rule:
oxidation number for a monatomic ion is equal to ____
e.g. Cu^2+ = __ and Cl^- = __

Answer 9

the charge 
(+2 and -1)

Question 10

oxidation rule:

oxidation number of Group IA elements in a compound are __

Answer 10

+1

Question 11

oxidation rule:

oxidation number of Group IIA elements in a compound are __

Answer 11

+2

Question 12

oxidation rule:
oxidation number of Group VIIA elements in a compound are __, except when combined with an element of ____
e.g. in HCl, Cl = __, and in HOCl, Cl = __

Answer 12

-1
higher electronegativity
(-1 and +1)

Question 13

oxidation rule:

oxidation number of hydrogen in a compound is __, except when combined with an element of ____, in which case it is __

Answer 13

+1
lower electronegativity
-1

Question 14

oxidation rule:
oxidation number of oxygen in a compounds is __, except in ____, for which the charge on each O is __, and when combined with elements of ____, in which the charge on O is __

Answer 14

-2
peroxides (O(2)^2-)
-1
higher electronegativity
\+2

Question 15

oxidation rule:
the sum of oxidation numbers of all atoms present in a neutral compound is __; the sum of oxidation numbers of all atoms present in a polyatomic ion is equal to ____

Answer 15

0

the charge of the ion

Question 16

used for balancing redox reactions

Answer 16

half-reaction method

Question 17

half-reaction method:

Answer 17

1) separate the two half-reactions
2) balance atoms of each half titration; in acidic solution, balance H and O using H2O and H+; in basic solution, balance H and O using H2O and OH-
3) balance charges by adding electrons as necessary to one side
4) multiply half-reactions as necessary to obtain same number of electrons in each half-reaction
5) add the half-reactions, canceling out terms on both sides of the arrow
6) confirm mass and charge are balanced

Question 18

accounts for all ions present in a reaction; split all aqueous compounds into their relevant ions, and keep solid salts intact

Answer 18

complete ionic equation

Question 19

ignores spectator ions to focus only on the species that actually participate in the reaction; subtract the ions appearing on both sides of the equation (spectator ions)

Answer 19

net ionic equation

Question 20

type of redox reaction in which one element is both oxidized and reduced, forming at least two molecules containing the element with different oxidation states

Answer 20

disproportionation (dismutation)

Question 21

titrations that follow transfer of charge; indicators used change colors when certain voltages of solutions are reached

Answer 21

oxidations-reduction titrations

Question 22

type of redox titration in which a voltmeter or external cell measures the electromotive force (emf) of a solution; no indicator is used, instead the equivalence point is determined by a sharp change in voltage

Answer 22

potentiometric titration