Compounds and Stereochemistry

Question 1

sum of atomic weights of all the atoms in a molecule (amu)

Answer 1

molecular weight

Question 2

used for ionic compounds; sum of atomic weights of each constituent ion according to empirical formula (amu)

Answer 2

formula weight

Question 3

Avogadro’s number

Answer 3

N(a) = 6.022 x 10^23 1/mol

Question 4

simplest whole-number ratio of elements in compound

Answer 4

empirical formula

Question 5

exact number of atoms of each element in compound, multiple of empirical formula

Answer 5

molecular formula

Question 6

percent of a specific compound made up of a given element

Answer 6

percent composition (by mass)

Question 7

percent composition

Answer 7

percent composition = (mass of element in formula / molar mass) x 100%

Question 8

percent yield

Answer 8

percent yield = (actual yield / theoretical yield) x 100%

Question 9

when two or more reactants combine to form one product

Answer 9

combination reaction

Question 10

when one reactant is chemically broken down into two or more products

Answer 10

decomposition reaction

Question 11

when a fuel and an oxidant (usually O2) react, forming products of H2O and CO2 (if fuel is hydrocarbon)

Answer 11

combustion reaction

Question 12

when an ion of one compound is replaced with another element

Answer 12

single-displacement reaction

Question 13

when elements from two different compounds trade places with each other to form two new compounds

Answer 13

double-displacement reaction

Question 14

when an acid reacts with a base to form a salt (and usually H2O)

Answer 14

neutralization reaction

Question 15

how to find limiting reagent (reactant)

Answer 15

1) convert to moles
2) determine/combine with rates of consumption (coefficients of balanced equation)
3) compare

Question 16

solutes (compounds) that enable solutions to carry currents (ionic compounds make good ones)

Answer 16

electrolyte