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A-Level Chemistry > Oxidation, Reduction and Redox Equations > Flashcards

Oxidation, Reduction and Redox Equations Flashcards

1
Q

what is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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2
Q

what is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?

A

H2SO4

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3
Q

what is the chemical formula for nitric acid?

A

HNO3

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4
Q

what is the displayed formula for ethanoic acid?

A

CH3COOH

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5
Q

what is released when an acid is dissolved in water?

A

hydrogen released as H+ hydrogen ion (a proton)
- acid molecule dissociated and a H+ and a negative ion is released

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6
Q

what is a strong acid?

A

acid that fully dissociates

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7
Q

what is a weak acid?

A

acid that only partially dissociates

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8
Q

what is a base?

A

a base can neutralise an acid to produce a salt, e.g. metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates and ammonia

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9
Q

metal oxide + acid = ?

A

salt + water

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10
Q

metal hydroxide + acid = ?

A

salt + water

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11
Q

metal carbonate + acid = ?

A

salt + water + carbon dioxide

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12
Q

what are alkalis?

A

bases that are soluble in water

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13
Q

what makes all group 1 metal hydroxides alkalis?

A

they are all soluble in water

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14
Q

what is released when an alkali is in solution?

A

OH- (hydroxide ion)

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15
Q

alkali + acid = ?

A

salt + water

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16
Q

if something gains hydrogen is it reduced or oxidised?

A

reduced

17
Q

if something loses hydrogen is it reduced or oxidised?

A

oxidised

18
Q

what is an oxidising agent?

A

chemical that accepts electrons

19
Q

what is a reducing agent?

A

chemical that donates electrons

20
Q

if an element loses electrons, is its oxidation state positive or negative?

A

positive

21
Q

if an element gains electrons, is its oxidation state positive or negative?

A

negative

22
Q

what are the 5 rules for oxidation states?

A

1) in a pure element, the atoms have an oxidation state of 0
2) some elements are always the same in all their compounds
3) the sum of oxidation states must be 0
4) sum of oxidation states in a complex ion = the charge on the ion
5) in compounds the most electronegative element has the negative oxidation state

23
Q

what is the oxidation state for F?

A

always -1

24
Q

what is the oxidation state for O?

A

-2 ( -1 in peroxides or +2 when reacted with F)

25
Q

what are the oxidation states for Cl, Br and I?

A

-1 (may be positive when reacted to F or O)

26
Q

what is the oxidation state for H?

A

+1 (-1 in metal hydrides, e.g. LiH)

27
Q

what is the oxidation state for Group 1 metals?

A

always +1

28
Q

what is the oxidation state for Group 2 metals?

A

always +2

29
Q

what is the oxidation state for aluminium?

A

always +3

A-Level Chemistry (23 decks)

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