Oxidation, Reduction and Redox Equations Flashcards
what is the chemical formula for hydrochloric acid?
HCl
what is the chemical formula for sulfuric acid?
H2SO4
what is the chemical formula for nitric acid?
HNO3
what is the displayed formula for ethanoic acid?
CH3COOH
what is released when an acid is dissolved in water?
hydrogen released as H+ hydrogen ion (a proton)
- acid molecule dissociated and a H+ and a negative ion is released
what is a strong acid?
acid that fully dissociates
what is a weak acid?
acid that only partially dissociates
what is a base?
a base can neutralise an acid to produce a salt, e.g. metal oxides, metal hydroxides, metal carbonates and ammonia
metal oxide + acid = ?
salt + water
metal hydroxide + acid = ?
salt + water
metal carbonate + acid = ?
salt + water + carbon dioxide
what are alkalis?
bases that are soluble in water
what makes all group 1 metal hydroxides alkalis?
they are all soluble in water
what is released when an alkali is in solution?
OH- (hydroxide ion)
alkali + acid = ?
salt + water
if something gains hydrogen is it reduced or oxidised?
reduced
if something loses hydrogen is it reduced or oxidised?
oxidised
what is an oxidising agent?
chemical that accepts electrons
what is a reducing agent?
chemical that donates electrons
if an element loses electrons, is its oxidation state positive or negative?
positive
if an element gains electrons, is its oxidation state positive or negative?
negative
what are the 5 rules for oxidation states?
1) in a pure element, the atoms have an oxidation state of 0
2) some elements are always the same in all their compounds
3) the sum of oxidation states must be 0
4) sum of oxidation states in a complex ion = the charge on the ion
5) in compounds the most electronegative element has the negative oxidation state
what is the oxidation state for F?
always -1
what is the oxidation state for O?
-2 ( -1 in peroxides or +2 when reacted with F)
what are the oxidation states for Cl, Br and I?
-1 (may be positive when reacted to F or O)
what is the oxidation state for H?
+1 (-1 in metal hydrides, e.g. LiH)
what is the oxidation state for Group 1 metals?
always +1
what is the oxidation state for Group 2 metals?
always +2
what is the oxidation state for aluminium?
always +3
