oxford word skill Flashcards
enthusiastic (adj)
enthusiasm(N)
adj
very interested in sth or excited by it .
having or showing intense and eager interest.
exp: he was enthusiastic abiut the project.
noun
intense and eager enjoyment
exp:the three enthusiasms of his life were politics , religion, and books.
motivated
really want to do something
after a while
after a period of time
improve ( v)
improvement( n)
become better , get better , make progress
express sth
1-say or show what you think or feel
2- squeeze out ( liquid or air)
effectively (adv)
effective ( adj)
effect( n)
adv
1-in a way that gives you the result you want
exp: children have to learn to communicate effectively.
2- used to describe what you see as the real facts of the situations
exp: effectively it has become impossible for us to help.
adj
successful and working in the way that was intended
exp: the cheaper drugs are just as effective in treating arthritis.
** in every day english > sth is effective = something works ( well)
accurately ( adv)
accurate ( adj)
adv
with no mistakes ( به درستی )
adj
correct and true in every detail ( درست و دقیق و بی اشتباه )
frustrating ( adj)
frustration ( n)
making you annoyed because you cannot do sth you want
expand (v)
become bigger or make sth bigger
expanding my vocabulary
a wide range
a large number of different things
complex ( adj )
comlicated / difficult to understand
in detail
fully and including a lot of information
i’d like to be able to talk about things in more detail
relevant to sth
connected to something
opp > irrelevant
specialized ( adj)
having or needing a lot of special knowledge ./
trained , designed , or developed for particular purpose , type of work , place
specialized ( adj)
having or needing a lot of special knowledge ./
trained , designed , or developed for particular purpose , type of work , place
well built
= stocky
with a solid , strong body / a person having a strong , sturdy physique
stocky
broad and sturdily built
exp: he had a short , stocky body
skinny
very thin but not in an attractive way
plump
adj
quite fat , in a nice way /
having a full rounded shape
exp: the berries were plump and sweet
**plumpy is an adj too
fattish
adj
having an over abundance of flesh/
quite fat
clean - shaven
without a beard or mustache
stubble
noun
short, stiff hairs growing on a part of the body that has not been shaved for a while ,specially on a man’s face.
broad shoulders
۴ شونه
dark skinned opp light/pale skinned
the color of the skin
bald
going bald
bald > with no hair on the head
going bald >losing hair /receding of hair
**receding: go or move back or further away from a previous position
exp: the floodwaters had receded.
bald
going bald
bald > with no hair on the head
going bald >losing hair /receding of hair
**receding: go or move back or further away from a previous position
exp: the floodwaters had receded.
smooth opp rough
with a completely flat surface
tanned (adj)
tan(n)
having brown skin after spending time in the sun
slim= slender
thin in an attractive way
exp of slender : her slender neck
figure
the shape of a woman’s body
go grey or white
become grey haired or white haired
neat
tidy and carefully arranged
in good/bad shape
in good/bad physical condition
see ab as sth
imagine or think of sb in a particular way
EXP: my mother always sees him as a hardworking person.
ambitious
adj
ambition(n)
opp > unambitious
adj
having a strong desire to do well or be successful .
exp: he is so ambitious when it comes to big exams .
مشتاق موفقیت-بلند پرواز
self confident
feeling sure about your own ability
opp> insecure
insecure
uncertain or anxious bout oneself;not confident
exp: he still feels insecure about his ability to do the job.
i wonder ehat it was about her upbringing that made her so insecure
generous (adj)
generosity(n)
opp> mean
happy to give more money and help than is usual
impatient(adj)
patience(n)
opp> patient
not able to stay calm and wait for sth/sb
exp: he’s a good teacher, but inclined to be impatient with slow learners .
arrogant(adj)
arrogance(n)
opp> modest
adj
thinking you are better than other people .
modest (adj)
1- not large is size or amount , or not expensive
exp: they live in a fairly modest house , considering their wealth./
there has been a modest improvement in housing conditions for the poor.
2- not usually talking about or making obvious your own abilities and achievements.
exp: he’s very modest about his achievements .
aggressive (adj)
aggression (n)
likely to fight or argue
cheerful
feeling happy
easy going
relaxed and not worried by what other people do
exp: an easy going attitude
energetic
the ability to be very active without getting tired
responsible
opp> irresponsible
**responsible for someone/sth
1- to have control and authority over sth/someone and the duty of taking care of it/her or him .
exp: paul is directly responsible for the efficient running of office ./
2-be the person who caused sth to happen .especially sth bad
exp; last month’s bad weather was responsible for the crop failure .
**be responsible to someone/sth
to be controlled by someone /sth
exp: in australia, the prime minister and the cabinet are responsible to the house of representatives .
honest (adj)
honesty(n)
opp> dishonest
always telling the truth
hard working
opp> lazy
able to work with effort and for a long time
tolerant (adj)
tolerance (n)
opp> intolerant
able to accept ideas you don’t agree with
dull
boring
thrilled
= delighted
very happy and excited
exp: his kiss thrilled her
furious
very angry
exp: i lost his keys so e was absolutely furious .
astonished
= amazed
very suprised
exp: i was astonished to hear he was married.
heart broken
very sad and emotionally upset .
exp: my mom was heartbroken when when her mother died .
terrified
informal syn : scared stiff
very frightened
exp: i was terrified when the plane took off.
scared stiff (informal)
very afraid
* often + of
exp: she was scared stiff of flying
miserable
informal syn: fed up
unhappy and depressed
exp: you look very miserable.
fed up (informal)
= misersble
annoyd , unhappy , or bored , especially with a situation that has existed for a long time
exp: he was fed up with doing all the work alone.
proud
pleased about sth you or other people have done.
exp: i was so proud of her when she open her first bakery /
i felt very proud when my book was published .
jealous
angry or sad because you’re afraid of losing sb’s love or because sb has sth you don’t have(= envoius)
exp: my bf is jealous when i’m with other boys/
i’ve aways been jealous of tom;everyone likes him
envious (adj)
feeling or showing envy
exp: i’m envious of their happiness.
anxious
worried an afraid
exp: the hospital enviroment always makes me so anxious.
upset
sad and angry because of sth that has happened.
exp: sally was very upset because no one spoke to her .
sensitive
1- able to understand people’s feelings and problems (positive meaning)
exp: i think i’m quite sensitive ,so i try not to upset other people .
2- easily upset ( nEgative meaning)
exp: i’m sensitive about my appearance
emotional ( adj)
emotion(n)
having strong feelings, and often showing them .
show your feeling
opp> hide your feelings
express your feelings openly
be in a bad mood
feel angry or unhappy at a particular time .
hurt sb’s feelings
say sth that makes sb unhappy
moody
if you are moody , you often change and become angry or unhappy for no obvious reason.
sympathetic
being kind and showing you understand sb’s problems.
supportive
giving help to sb who has a problem.
make friends
to form friendly relationships.
exp: I find it difficult to make friends .
get on (well) with somebody
have a good relationship with somebody.
exp: I didn’t get on well with my classmates because they like to bully me
rely on somebody
reliable (adj)
feel sure that sb will do what they say they will do
syn> depend on sb
trust sb
believe sb is good and won’t hurt you
loyal
opp> disloyal
being a friend to sb , even in difficult times
exp: moslims are loyal to their prophets .
sociable
opp> antisocial
a sociable person likes the company of other people
keep in touch
( of two or more people ) stay in contact by speaking or writing to each other
exp: I’ve kept in touch with my school teachers.
get to know sb
meet sb a number of times and become friends
one another
each other
get together
(of two or more people ) meet for a social reason
go wrong
used when a problem happens in a relationship or situation.
EXP: things got wrong between me and my boyfriend
realize sth
begin to understand sth that you didn’t know before
exp: she realized the only way to succession is determination
have nothing in common
opp have a lot In common
(of two people ) have no interests that are the same
regret sth / doing sth
feel sorry about sth you did or didn’t do.
split up with sb
stop being in a romantic relationship with sb.
exp: it’s hard for me to split up with him
go out with sb
have sb as a boyfriend or girlfriend
EXP: she went out on a date with this 30 year old man .
fall out with sb
argue with sb and stop being friendly with them
exp: he left home after falling out with his parents.
have a row / have an argument
have an angry discussion
only child
a child with no brothers or sisters
exp: merlyn Monroe was an onlychild .
single parent
a mother or father who look after their children alone
foster parent
sb who looks after another person’s child in their home for a time
adopt a child
take sb’s child into your family and legally make them you child.
get divorced
syn> get a divorce
legally end your marriage
bring sb up
look after a child and teach them how to live
be related to sb
belonging to the same family.group or type /connected
ancestor
a person in your family who lived a long time ago/
a person, typically one more remote than a grandparent, from whom one is descended.
exp: he could trace his ancestors back to James the first.
immigrant
a person who comes to a foreign country to live there .
we are always gonna be some immigrants who ran away from our motherlands.
emigrate from - to -
leave your country in order to live in another.
generation
all the people in a family born at about the same time
take after sb
to look or behave like an older relative
exp; she takes after her father
ceremony
A formal ,public event
religious
relating to religion:
exp;1- I don’t want them to impose their religious beliefs on my children.
2-There’s a religious assembly every morning
religious ceremony
a ceremony which takes place in a church , mosque , temple , etc.
civil (adj)
not military or religious, or relating to the ordinary people of a country
exp :
1- Helicopters are mainly used for military rather than civil use.
2-After ten years of military dictatorship, the country now has a civil government.
3-The equipment was all for civil use.
civil ceremony
non religious one
wedding reception
a party to celebrate the marriage ceremony of two people
exp :
The wedding will be held at St Martin’s Church and the wedding reception at the Crathorne Hotel.
traditional
a traditional thing is sth that people have done for a long time
exp:
1-The villagers retain a strong attachment to their traditional values/customs/beliefs.
2- The dancers were wearing traditional Hungarian dress/costume.
3-She’s very traditional (in her ideas and opinions).
make a speech
give a formal talk to a lot of people at a special event
drink a toast to sb
raise a glass of wine , etc to wish sb success or happiness
wish sb sth
say that you hope good things will happen to sb
Honeymoon
A holiday for a couple who have just got married
Celebrate sth
Have a special meal, party , etc. to show you are happy about sth.
Anniversary
The date on which sth happened the previous year or in the past .
Bride and groom
We called the couple bride and groom on their wedding day
Husband and wife
After couples got married the become husband and wife
Graves
A place in the ground where a dead person is buried
Exp:
1- a mass grave
2- an unmarked grave
3- a grave digger
4- he visits his mother’s grave every sunday
5- they lowered the coffin into the grave
6- sometimes i think these children are going to drive me to an early grave.
Gravestone
A stone that shows where a dead person is buried , usually with the name and the years of birth and death of that person written on it .
Syn: tombstone/headstone
Mourner (n)
A person who is feeling or expressing sadness,or who is at a funeral
Mourn (v)
Yo feel or express great sadness ,especially because of someone’s death
Exp:
1-she was still mourning for her brother
2- queen victoria mourned prince albert’s death for 40 years.
Pour(with rain)
Rain heavily
Exp:
You’d better take an umbrella , it’s poyring out there .
Soaking wet
= soaked
Extremely wet
Exp: It’s so hot outside , i’ve been walking ten minutes and my shirt is soaking wet
Drizzle
(V) (n)
(N)
Rain in very small ,light drops
Exp:
Tomorrow will be cloudy with outbreaks of rain and drizzle.
(V)
To pout liquid slowly over sth,especially in a thin line or in small drops
Exp:
Drizzle the syrup over the pancakes.
Bitterly cold
Extremely and unpleasantly cold
Exp:
1- i remember it was a bitterly cold December night.
2-it was a long and bitterly cold winter
3- A bitterly cold northerly wind swept over the east of the country.
Chilly(adj)
A little too cold to be comfortable
(Of a weather,conditions in a room,or parts of the body)
Exp:
1-the bathroom gets chilly in the winter
2- I feel a bit chilly so i put on a jacket
3- it gets chilly in the evening
Mild
(Adj)
Mild weather is not very cold or not as cold as usual
Exp:
We’ve had a mild winter this year.
Heatwave
(N)
A period of time such as a few weeks when the weather is much hotter than usual.
Muggy
(Adj)
When the weather is muggy , it is unpleasantly warm and the air contains a lot of water.
Syn> sticky/humid
**humid: (of air and weather conditions ) containing extremely small drops of water in the air.
Damp
(Adj)
Slightly wet , especially in a way that is not pleasant or comfortable.
Exp:
1-The grass is still damp.
2-the shirt still feels a bit damp
نم دار
**
M oist: slightly wet,especially in a good way
Exp:
1-keep the soil in the spot moist but not too wet
2-this cake is nice and moice
Mist (n)
Misty ( adj)
A)Thin fog produced by very small deops of water collecting in the air just above an area of ground or water(nit as thick as fog)
Exp:
The mountain villages seem to be permanently shrouded in mist
B) A thin layer of liquid on the surface of something that makes it difficultto see
Exp: There is always a mist on the bathroom mirror when i ‘ve had a shower.
Frost(n)
Frosty(adj)
A)The thin ,white layer of ice that forms when the air temperature is below the freezing point of water,especially outside at night.
Exp:
When i woke up this morning ,the ground was covered with frost.
B) A weather condition in which the air temperature falls below the freezing point of water,especially outside at night.
Exp:
1-There was a frost last night
2-There was a heavy frost last night and the ground is still hard
3-These plants are particularly susceptible to frost.
Breeze (n)
Breezy (adj)
A light and pleasant wind
Exp:
1-a warm/cool breeze
2-she let the gentle breeze cool her face.
3- Flags flapped in the breeze above their tents
4-the breeze rippled the water.
Gale
(N)
A strong wind
Exp:
Hundreds of old trees were blown down in the gales.
climate (n)
the general weather conditions usually found in a particular place./ weather pattern
exp:
1-a hot/dry/harsh climate
2-The Mediterranean climate is good for growing citrus fruits and grapes.
3-As you go further south, you will notice a gradual change of climate.
enviroment(n)
the air, water, and land in or on which people, animals, and plants live
exp:
1-We must ensure that tourism develops in harmony with the environment.
2-We won’t invest in any company that pollutes the environment.
3-A dangerous amount of radioactivity was released into the environment last month.
4-It would be better for the environment if more people used bikes rather than cars.
environmentalist ( n )
a person who is interested in or studies the environment and who tries to protect it from being damaged by human activities
exp:
Environmentalists are working to improve the quality of our lakes and rivers.
gradual (adj)
gradually ( adv)
happening or changing slowly over a long period of time or distance:
exp:
1-There has been a gradual improvement in our sales figures over the last two years.
2-As you go further south, you will notice a gradual change of climate.
3-Her conversion to Buddhism/Islam was a very gradual process.
4-He suffered a gradual loss of memory.
5-There is a gradual build-up of suspense throughout the film, until it comes to an unexpected ending.
atmosphere (n)
the mixture of gases around the earth and planets.
exp:
1-These factories are releasing toxic gases into the atmosphere.
2-the search for planets with a breathable atmosphere
harmful ( adj)
harm sth/sb (v)
causing damage, injury , or illness.
exp:
1-This group of chemicals is known to be harmful to people with asthma.
gas
a substance in a form like air that is neither solid nor liquid:
1-Oxygen, hydrogen, and nitrogen are all gases.
2-poisonous/inflammable/toxic gas
pollution (n)
damage caused to water, air, etc. by harmful substances or waste
exp:
1-air/water pollution
2-The manifesto includes tough measures to tackle road congestion and environmental pollution.
3-Car exhaust is the main reason for the city’s pollution
pollute ( v)
to make an area or substance, usually air, water, or soil, dirty or harmful to people, animals, and plants, especially by adding harmful chemicals
exp:
1-The pesticides used on many farms are polluting the water supply.
2-We won’t invest in any company that pollutes the environment.
rise (v)
rise (n)
A)go higher / increase
exp;
1-Inflation is rising at/by 2.1 percent a month.
B)to stand, especially after sitting:
1-She rose from her chair to welcome us.
2-He rose to his feet to deliver his speech.
C)to get out of bed:
My grandfather rises at five every morning to do his exercises.
D)to move upwards:
exp:
1-The balloon rose gently (up) into the air.
2-At 6 a.m. we watched the sun rise (= appear
opp> fall
noun: an increase
exp: August has seen a large rise in the number of unemployed.
extreme (adj)
very large in amount or degree:
exp: extreme pain/stupidity/wealth
unpredictable
If sth is unpredictable. you can’t say how it will change in the future
exp:
1-The weather there can be unpredictable - one minute it’s blue skies and the next minute it’s pouring rain.
2-
disappear
If people or things disappear, they go somewhere where they cannot be seen or found:
exp:
1-The search was called off for the sailors who disappeared in the storm.
2-The sun disappeared behind a cloud.
3-We looked for her but she had disappeared into the crowd.
4-The movie is about a girl who mysteriously disappeared while on a picnic at Hanging Rock.
syn>vanish
famine (n)
a situation in which there is not enough food for a great number of people, causing illness and death, or a particular period when this happens:
exp:
1-Another crop failure could result in widespread famine.
2-There were reports of refugees dying of famine.
disease
(an) illness of people, animals, plants, etc., caused by infection or a failure of health rather than by an accident
exp:
1-a contagious/infectious disease
2-They reported a sudden outbreak of the disease in the south of the country.
3-She has caught/contracted (= begun to have) a lung disease/disease of the lungs
hurricane
a violent wind and storm that has a circular movement, especially in the West Atlantic Ocean:
exp:
1-The state of Florida was hit by a hurricane that did serious damage.
2-Hurricane force (= very strong) winds are expected tonight.
3-The roof of their house caved in during a hurricane.
4-People living in the track of the hurricane have been advised to leave their homes until it has passed
syn>typhoon (in asia)
typhoon
a violent wind that has a circular movement, found in the West Pacific Ocean:
exp:
The 169,000-ton vessel went down during a typhoon in the South China Sea.
earthquake
a sudden violent movement of the earth’s surface, sometimes causing great damage:
exp:
In 1906 an earthquake destroyed much of San Francisco.
tidal wave
an extremely large ocean wave that is caused by a storm or earthquake , and which destroys things when it reaches land .
syn> tsunami : an extremely large wave caused by a violent movement of the earth under the sea:
exp:She left the area after she lost her house and her family in the tsunami.
volcano
a mountain with a large, circular hole at the top through which lava (= hot liquid rock) gases, steam, and dust are or have been forced out:
exp:
1-an extinct/dormant volcano
2-an active volcano
3-The long-dormant volcano has recently shown signs of erupting.
4-Since the volcano last erupted, many houses have been built in a dangerous position on its slopes.
eruption (N)
an occasion when a volcano explodes, and flames and rocks come out of it, or the act of doing this:
exp:
1-a volcanic eruption
2-Scientists fear that a volcanic eruption on the Canary Island of La Palma will send a chunk of island collapsing into the sea.
3-Recent eruptions have claimed the lives of journalists and scientists.
lava(N)
hot liquid rock that comes out of the earth through a volcano, or the solid rock formed when it cools:
exp: molten lava
drought (N)
a long period when there is little or no rain:
exp:This year (a) severe drought has ruined the crops.
crop(N)
(the total amount collected of) a plant such as a grain, fruit, or vegetable grown in large amounts:
exp:
1-The main crops grown for export are coffee and rice.
2-a bumper (= very good) potato crop
3-After three crop failures in a row, the people face starvation.
محصول
disaster
(an event that results in) great harm, damage, or death, or serious difficulty:
exp:
1-An inquiry was ordered into the recent rail disaster (= a serious train accident).
2-It would be a disaster for me if I lost my job.
3-This is one of the worst natural disasters ever to befall the area.
4-Heavy and prolonged rain can spell disaster for many plants.
5-Inviting James and Ivan to dinner on the same evening was a recipe for disaster (= caused a very difficult situation) - they always argue with each other.
violent (adj)
violence (n)
using force to hurt or attack:
exp:
1-He yells a lot but I don’t think he’s ever been physically violent towards her.
2-Her ex-boyfriend was violent.
خشونت آمیز
sudden (adj)
suddenly (adv)
happening or done quickly and without warning:
exp:
1-Drop the gun, put your hands in the air, and don’t make any sudden movements.
2-He had a sudden heart attack while he was on holiday.
3-I’d strongly advise against making a sudden decision.
4-Everyone in the office was surprised by Graham’s sudden departure.
suddenly:
1-Rosie suddenly grasped my hand.
2-“Do you remember much about the accident?” “No, it all happened so suddenly.”
3-I was woken up suddenly by the sound of someone hammering on the front door.
ground (N)
the surface of the earth
exp:
1-The plane dived towards the ground and exploded in a ball of flame.
2-I sat down on the ground.
damage (n & v)
noun
harm or injury caused when sth is broken
exp:
1-Strong winds had caused serious damage to the roof.
2-The doctors were worried that he might have suffered brain damage.
3-Recent discoveries about corruption have done serious damage to the company’s reputation.
verb
to harm or spoil something:
exp: 1-Smoking is likely to damage your health permanently.
2-Certain chemicals have been banned because they are damaging the environment.
3-Certain chemicals have been banned because they are damaging the environment.
destroy (sth)
(V)
destruction(n)
to damage something so badly that it cannot be used:
exp:
1-These guns will destroy or disable any incoming missile.
2-Many important historical documents were destroyed in the fire.
3-The accident seemed to have completely/totally destroyed his confidence.
starve(to death)
suffer or die because you don’t have enough food
surrounding
near or around sth
hit sb/sth
make a sudden violent contact withsb/sth
exp: teachers are not allowed to hit the pupils.
2- earthquake hits Kashmir.
syn>strike
collaps (n&v)
verb
to fall down suddenly because of pressure or having no strength or support:
1-Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake.
2-The chair collapsed under her weight.
3- He thought his whole world had collapsed when his wife died.
noun
A)the sudden failure of a system, organization, business, etc.
exp:1-I don’t know what caused the collapse of her marriage.
2-Negotiations between the two countries are on the brink/verge of collapse (= very soon going to fail).
B)the sudden falling movement of a person or structure that has become too weak to stand:
1-He was taken to hospital after his collapse on the pitch.
2-the collapse of a building during the earthquake
strike(V)
pp> struck
A) to cause a person or place to suffer severely from the effects of something very unpleasant that happens suddenly:
exp: 1- have a life insurance policy that will take care of my family if disaster strikes.
2-The disease has struck the whole community, sometimes wiping out whole families.
3-They predict that a large earthquake will strike the west coast before the end of the decade.
B)to hit or attack someone or something forcefully or violently:
exp:1-The autopsy revealed that his murderer had struck him on the head with an iron bar.
2-Have you ever been struck by lightning?
evacuate (v)
evacuation( n)
to move people from a dangerous place to somewhere safe:
exp:
1-The police evacuated the village shortly before the explosion.
2-A thousand people were evacuated from their homes following the floods.
trap(N & V)
a dangerous or unpleasant situation which you have got into and from which it is difficult or impossible to escape:
exp:
1-She’s too smart to fall into the trap of working without pay.
2-His foot was caught in the jaws of the trap.
3-We set a trap and they walked right into it.
be trapped
If someone or something is trapped, that person or thing is unable to move or escape from a place or situation:
exp:
1-The two men died when they were trapped in a burning building.
2-Fire officers used cutting equipment to free his legs, which were trapped under a steel beam
3- Jack left the job after ten years because he was beginning to feel trapped.
death toll (n)
the number of people who die because of an event such as a war or an accident:
exp:The day after the explosion the death toll had risen to 90.
considerable (adj)
large or of noticeable importance:
exp:The fire caused considerable damage to the church.
crucial
extremely important or necessary:
exp:
1-a crucial decision/question
2-Her work has been crucial to the project’s success.
3-It is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately.
rescue (v)
to help someone or something out of a dangerous, harmful, or unpleasant situation:
exp:
1-The lifeboat rescued the sailors from the sinking boat.
2-They shouted for help, but nobody came to rescue them.
3-A goal just before half-time rescued the match from mediocrity.
syn>save sb
maintain (sth)
verb
make sth continue at a certain level
exp:
1-The army has been brought in to maintain order in the region.
2-We have standards to maintain.
3-Despite living in different countries, the two families have maintained close links.
4-With an election approaching, the prime minister is keen to maintain his popularity.
5-The Queen has maintained political neutrality throughout her reign.
6-Security during the president’s visit must be maintained at all costs.
supply (n & v)
noun
an amount of something that is available for use:
exp:
1-The refugees are urgently in need of food and medical supplies.
2-Extensive mining has reduced the supplies of coal in the area.
3-Extensive mining has reduced the supplies of coal in the area.
4-He seems to think that I have an endless supply of money.
موجودی
verb
to provide something that is wanted or needed, often in large quantities and over a long period of time:
exp: 1-Electrical power is supplied by underground cables.
2-Three people have been arrested for supplying arms to the terrorists.
poisonous
(adj)
producing a dangerous substance(poison) that can kill or harm you
exp:
1-Can you tell the difference between poisonous mushrooms and edible varieties?
2-Carbon monoxide is a colourless, odourless, poisonous gas.
vary (v)
If things of the same type vary, they are different from each other, and if you vary them, you cause them to be different from each other:
1-The samples varied in quality but were generally acceptable.
2-Estimates of the amount of money needed to decontaminate the heavily polluted chemical installations vary.
3-Application forms vary greatly in layout and length.
4-The cheeses vary in pungency
5-Prices vary widely from shop to shop.
weigh (v)
weight (n)
to have a heaviness of a stated amount, or to measure the heaviness of an object: وزن داشتن / وزن کردن
exp:
1-Yesterday a satellite weighing 15 tons was successfully placed in orbit.
2-She weighs herself every week on the scales in the bathroom.
3-Your luggage must be weighed before it is put on the aircraft.
survive (v)
survival (n)
to continue to live or exist, especially after coming close to dying or being destroyed or after being in a difficult or threatening situation
exp:1-The baby was born with a heart problem and only survived for a few hours.
2-None of Shakespeare’s plays survives in its original manuscript form.
lifespan
the length of time for which a person, animal, or thing exists
exp:
1-The average human lifespan in the developed countries has increased over the last hundred years.
2-The project’s lifespan is estimated at about five years.
syn > life expectancy (for people)
hunt (sth)
verb
to chase and try to catch and kill an animal or bird for food, sport, or profit
exp:
1-Some animals hunt at night.
2-When lion cubs are young, the mother stays with them while the father hunts for food.
3-Jack and Charlie like to hunt/go hunting (= chase and kill animals for sport) at weekends.
wasp(n)
a flying insect, often black and yellow, that can sting (= produce a small, painful skin injury)
exp:
1-There’s a wasps’ nest in that old tree.
2-a wasp sting
3-A wasp came towards us and Howard started flailing his arms around.
4- I got stung by a wasp yesterday.
wasp(n)
a flying insect, often black and yellow, that can sting (= produce a small, painful skin injury)
exp:
1-There’s a wasps’ nest in that old tree.
2-a wasp sting
3-A wasp came towards us and Howard started flailing his arms around.
4- I got stung by a wasp yesterday.
attack (v) (n)
verb
to try to hurt or defeat using violence
exp:
1-He was attacked and seriously injured by a gang of youths.
2-He attacked the man with a broken bottle.
3-The army has been criticized for attacking the unarmed civilian population.
noun
a violent act intended to hurt or damage someone or something:
exp:
1-These bomb blasts suggest that the terrorists are (going) on the attack (= trying to defeat or hurt other people) again.
2-The town was once again under attack (= being attacked).
3-a racist attack
4-Enemy forces have made an attack on the city.
sting (n) (v)
verb
If an insect, plant, or animal stings, it produces a small but painful injury, usually with a poison, by brushing against the skin or making a very small hole in the skin:
exp;I didn’t see the nettles until I was stung by them.
noun
a sudden burning pain in your eyes, on your skin, etc., or the ability to cause such pain:
exp:
1-She had several bee stings.
2-the sting of salt in a wound
3-Some types of jellyfish have a powerful sting.
calf (n)
a young cow, or the young of various other large mammals such as elephants and whales
cattle(n)
a group of animals that includes cows, buffalo, and bison, that are often kept for their milk or meat:
herd (n)
a large group of animals of the same type that live and feed together:
a herd of cattle/elephants/goats
herb(n)
a type of plant whose leaves are used in cooking to give flavour to particular dishes or in making medicine:
exp:
1-dried/fresh herbs
2-Basil, oregano, thyme, and rosemary are all herbs.
3-A large range of herbs and spices are used in South Asian cooking.
4-Chop the herbs very finely.
گیاه
parsley
گیاه جعفری
mint
نعنا
basil
گیاه ریحان
thyme
آویشن
rosemary
رزماری
plum
آلو
Peaches, plums, dates, avocados, and olives all contain stones.
apricot
زرد آلو
raspberry
تمشک
fig
انجیر
passion fruit
a small fruit with thick purple or yellow skin and many seed
papaya
a large oval fruit with a yellowish skin and sweet orange flesh, or the tropical tree on which this grows
pomegranate
انار
pomegranate
انار
leek
پیازچه / تره فرنگی
celery
کرفس
chickpea
نخود
fennel
رازیانه
artichoke
a plant with a round mass of pointed parts like leaves surrounding its flower that are eaten as a vegetable:
veal
گوشت گوساله
meat from a calf
trout
ماهی قزل آلا
cod
ماهی کاد
sea bass
ماهی شیر
carp
کپور
oyster
صدف خوراکی
a large flat sea creature that lives in a shell, some types of which can be eaten either cooked or uncooked, and other types of which produce pearls (= small round white precious stones)
squid
انواع ماهی مرکب
a sea creature with a long body and ten arms situated around the mouth, or this animal eaten as food
