Ownership and Control

Question 1

What did Bagdikian find about the concentration of ownership of mass media?

Answer 1

1983 =

majority of US media owned by 50 corporations.

2014 =

6 corporations owned 90% of US media (consolidation).

Question 2

How many people dominate the ownership and control of the content of UK newspapers?

Answer 2

7 =

• NewsCorp.
• DMG.
• Northern and Shell.

Question 3

Who controls the majority of British broadcasting media?

Answer 3

1) . British commercial TV = ITV plc.
2) . Satellite, cable and digital TV = 3 companies =

• Sky plc.
• Virgin media.
• BT.

Question 4

What is horizontal integration?

Answer 4

When a corporation owns and controls various different types of mass media outlets.

• resulting in media consolidation.

Question 5

What is vertical integration?

Answer 5

When a media corporation expands across all levels of production.

Question 6

What is an example of horizontal integration?

Answer 6

NewsCorp =

• owns newspapers, 20th Century Fox and some of Sky.

Question 7

What is an example of vertical integration?

Answer 7

Time Warner =

• makes their own films, and distribute them.

Question 8

What is a synergy?

Answer 8

When a media corporation uses the same product in many different ways.

• e.g. films can be used with soundtracks.

Question 9

What is a global conglomerate?

Answer 9

When a media company owns other media companies outside their country of origin.

Question 10

What is an example of a global conglomerate?

Answer 10

NewsCorp =

• owns different types of media companies in Asia, Europe, and North America.