Ovt 8 Flashcards
What does the term ‘Disillusion’ refer to in the context of the Roman Catholic Church?
Had dominance (hegemony) over regions.
What empire is associated with the consolidation of highly diverse communities under a powerful caliphate?
The Ottoman Empire.
What led to the fragmentation of Western Europe?
Major political and cultural forces.
What was one key issue that contributed to discontent with the Church?
Growing quarters of discontent inspired by ancient Greco-Roman humanism.
When did Renaissance humanism begin and where?
In Italy in the fifteenth century.
What two figures represent challenges to Catholic tradition during the Renaissance?
- Albrecht Durer
- Desiderius Erasmus
What artistic movement heavily influenced Albrecht Durer?
Italian and classical art.
What were Durer’s key artistic focuses?
- Naturalism
- Mathematical precision in perspective and proportion
- Realism over stylistic formality
What notable work did Desiderius Erasmus publish in 1511?
In Praise of Folly.
What did Erasmus criticize in his works?
The tired tradition of scholasticism in education.
Erasmus challenged the veneration of what in Christian Europe?
Saints’ relics.
What significant influence did Erasmus have on the Reformation?
His intervention paved the way for the humanist tradition and the expansion of critical inquiry.
What was the consequence of Henry VIII’s break with the Catholic Church?
A series of intense anti-Catholic violence in England.
What led to the Peace of Augsburg in 1555?
Charles V’s need to hold rebellious German territories within the empire.
What were the two main provisions of the Peace of Augsburg?
- Allowed the religion of a given state to conform to that of its crowned ruler
- Allowed minority members to move to states where they were in the majority
During which years did the ‘Wars of Religion’ occur in France?
1568 to 1598.
Who was the leader of the French navy that was targeted in an assassination attempt?
Admiral Coligny.
What was a significant event that led to mass purges of Huguenots in France?
The decision to avenge the attempt on Admiral Coligny’s life.
True or False: Luther emphasized salvation by good works over faith.
False.
What did Luther condemn regarding the Church?
- Corruption
- Specifically, the sale of indulgences.
What was the nature of Luther’s 95 complaints?
They challenged the Church’s practices and were nailed to a church door in Wittenberg.
What was the outcome of Luther’s excommunication?
It sparked the Protestant Reformation.
What was the role of the Catholic Church in response to the Protestant Reformation?
A fierce effort at the Counter-Reformation.
