Nov 21 Flashcards
What was the Great Peace of Montreal?
A treaty forged in Montreal in 1701 that secured peace between the French and their Indigenous allies, including the Haudenosaunee confederation.
The treaty marked the end of decades of conflict among various parties.
What led to the Great Peace of Montreal?
Decades of conflict among various parties, particularly between the Haudenosaunee confederation and the French.
The conflict intensified after the Wendat people were dispersed in 1649.
What was the status of the Haudenosaunee and French relations after 1649?
The Haudenosaunee attacked New France constantly until a truce was made that lasted until the 1680s.
Hostility resumed as French colonial expansion increased.
Who was Comte de Frontenac?
The governor of New France who returned in 1689 to lead the colony at the outset of the Nine Years’ War.
His leadership coincided with renewed conflict with the Haudenosaunee.
What was a significant action taken by the governor of New France against the Haudenosaunee?
The kidnapping of 50 Haudenosaunee leaders, which led to increased violence.
This act exacerbated tensions between the French and the Haudenosaunee.
What occurred in the summer of 1700 regarding peace negotiations?
Plans were made for all parties to talk about peace in June of 1701, involving 39 Indigenous nations and about 1300-1400 individuals.
This gathering was crucial for the eventual signing of the treaty.
What commitments did the French make to the Haudenosaunee during the treaty?
The French agreed to trade and provide goods through gift exchange with their Indigenous allies.
This was part of the efforts to secure peace and strengthen alliances.
What concessions did the Haudenosaunee make during the treaty?
They permitted the French to settle around Detroit and agreed to the governor of New France serving as the arbiter of future disputes.
This was viewed as recognition of a new political alliance.
What was the impact of the British occupation of French forts in 1760?
Indigenous groups formerly allied with the French grew disgruntled with British treatment of them.
This dissatisfaction contributed to the tensions leading to Pontiac’s War.
What was Pontiac’s War?
A response from loosely affiliated Indigenous groups against British rule, starting in 1763.
The war was named after the Ottawa leader, Pontiac.
What was the Royal Proclamation of 1763?
It defined the territory of the British colony of Quebec and clarified the British crown’s relationship with Indigenous nations, offering concessions.
This proclamation established a treaty system for British-Indigenous relations.
What happened at Fort Niagara in December 1763?
William Johnson arranged a meeting with 24 Indigenous nations and around 2000 people to discuss the Royal Proclamation.
This meeting was significant for cementing relations with Indigenous groups.
What was the Treaty of Niagara?
A treaty in 1764 that formally accepted the new Royal Proclamation, cementing a new era of peace.
It marked a significant moment in British-Indigenous relations post-war.
