Overview of the systemic circulation and heart anatomy Flashcards
1
Q
aorta
A
- largest artery in the body
- Three major arteries originate from the aortic arch:
- the “brachiocephalic artery,”
- the left common carotid artery
- the left subclavian artery
2
Q
pericardial cavity
A
- filled with fluid to provide protection as the heart beats
- Where the heart is enclosed
3
Q
atria
A
- superior chamber
- Receive blood
4
Q
Ventricle
A
- Inferior chambers
- Discharge/pump blood from heart
5
Q
pericardial cavity
A
- composed of an outer layer, a dense fibrous connective tissue which protects and anchors the heart to its surrounding, and an inner layer made up loose connective tissue.
6
Q
epicardium
A
- (visceral pericardium)
- is the thin outer layer which forms the smooth, slippery surface of the heart.
7
Q
myocardium
A
- middle layer of the heart wall
- myocardium made up of myocytes (cardiac muscle cells).
8
Q
endocardium
A
- inner layer of the heart wall
- smooth thin layer continuous with large blood vessels.
9
Q
tricuspid valve
A
- AV valve between the right atrium and ventricle
10
Q
mitral valve (bicuspid)
A
- AV valve between left atrium and ventricle
11
Q
Tunica intima:
A
endothelial cells
12
Q
Tunica media:
A
smooth muscle cells and elastic fiber
13
Q
Tunica externa (adventitia)
A
collegen fiber
14
Q
Arteries:
A
- major blood vessels in the macrocirculation with three layers.
- Most arteries carry oxygenated blood through the system except the pulmonary and the umbilical arteries.
15
Q
Arterioles
A
- Small-diameter blood vessels in the microcirculation; three layers.
- primary sites of vascular resistance.
