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Fundamentals in pharmacology and physiology > Overview of the nervous system > Flashcards

Overview of the nervous system Flashcards

1
Q

What is the central nervous system composed of?

A

Composed of the brain and spinal chord

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2
Q

What are the three anatomical planes of the brain?

A

Coronal
Sagittal
Transverse

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3
Q

Coronal plane

A

Divides brain into anterior and posterior portion

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4
Q

Sagittal plane

A

○ Divides brain into left and right

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5
Q

Transverse plane

A

Bisects brain horizontally, allowing for superior view

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6
Q

what are three major brain regions?

A

Forebrain
Brainstem
Cerebellum

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7
Q

What does the forebrain consist of?

A

○ Consists of the cerebrum and diencephalon

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8
Q

What does the brainstem consist of?

A

○ Consists of midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

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9
Q

What is the largest part of the brain?

A

Cortex

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10
Q

How many lobes is the cortex divided into?

A

four

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11
Q

Occipital lobe

A

○ Visual processing like colour orientation and movement

○ Patients with schizophrenia were found with abnormal activity levels in the occipital lobes

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12
Q

Parietal lobe

A

○ Sensory processing and proprioception

○ People with dyslexia have reduced levels of activation of the left parietal lobe

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13
Q

Frontal lobe

A

○ Decision making, attention, consciousness, emotions and deliberate movement
○ Prefrontal lobotomy used to treat a number of personality cognitive disorders
§ No longer common
§ Often results in impaired voluntary behaviour

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14
Q

Temporal lobe

A

○ Auditory processing
○ Language
○ Speech
○ Receptive aphasia is a condition where there is a major impairment of language comprehension

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15
Q

What does corpus callosum and what does it allow?

A
  • Connects left and right hemispheres

* Allows information to be passed between them

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16
Q

What does the hippocampus do?

A
  • Memory formation

* Memory retrieval

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17
Q

What is the basal ganlia responsible for?

A

Movement, balance and posture

18
Q

What movement disorder is associated with the basal ganglia?

A

Parkinson’s

19
Q

What is parkinson’s?

A

is a neurodegenerative disease, caused by dopaminergic function

20
Q

What is Huntingdon’s chorea?

A

is a genetic disorder that causes damage to the basal ganglia

21
Q

Which part of the brain is the diencephalon located?

A

• Posterior part of the forebrain

22
Q

What does the diencephalon contain?

A

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

23
Q

How many different nuclei does the thalamus contain?

A

40 different

24
Q

Information in thalamus

A

○ Many different streams of information integrated in the thalamus

25
Q

What can thalamic damage result in?

A

Thalamic damage results in blending of information streams

26
Q

What is the hypothalamus?

A

Collection of small nuclei

27
Q

What is the hypothalamus responsible for?

A 
§ Temperature
§ Hunger/thirst
§ Neuroendocrine control
§ Circadian rhythms
§ Blood pressure
28
Q

What is the key role of the hypothalamus?

A

Reacts to when the body is under stress

29
Q

What is the Medulla oblongata’s function?

A 
• Homeostasis:
	○ Breathing
	○ Heart rate
	○ Blood pressure
• Motor movements
	○ Reflexes
	○ Fine motor movements of limbs and face in conjunction with cortex
30
Q

What can stroke to brainstem region cause?

A

Brain death

locked in syndrome

31
Q

What is brain stem death

A

Loss of blood circulation to all brainstem regions

32
Q

What is locked in syndrome

A

Loss of blood circulation to pons

33
Q

Function of cerebellum

A
  • Movement precision

* Coordination

34
Q

How far does the spinal chord extend?

A

45cm

35
Q

What does the spinal chord do

A

Transmits signal to and from the brain

36
Q

What type of circuit is the spinal chord?

A

Reflexive ciruits

37
Q

How many parts is the spine divided into?

A

Into 5 parts

38
Q

Name the 5 parts the spine is divided into and the number of vertebrates it has

A 
○ Cervical
	§ Seven vertebrate
○ Thoracic
	§ Twelve vertebrate
○ Lumbar
	§ Five vertebrate
○ Sacral
	§ Five vertebrate
○ Coccygeal
            Four vertebrate
39
Q

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of ?

A

Consists of autonomic and somatic nervous system

40
Q

What is the autonomic nervous system?

A 
○ Unconscious control:
	§ Heart rate
	§ Blood pressure
	§ Breathing
	§ Digestion
41
Q

What is the Somatic nervous system

A

○ Voluntary control of body movement via skeletal muscle

42
Q

What is the massive part of cerebrum?

A

Cortex

Fundamentals in pharmacology and physiology (15 decks)

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