Overview of the nervous system

Question 1

What is the central nervous system composed of?

Answer 1

Composed of the brain and spinal chord

Question 2

What are the three anatomical planes of the brain?

Answer 2

Coronal
Sagittal
Transverse

Question 3

Coronal plane

Answer 3

Divides brain into anterior and posterior portion

Question 4

Sagittal plane

Answer 4

○ Divides brain into left and right

Question 5

Transverse plane

Answer 5

Bisects brain horizontally, allowing for superior view

Question 6

what are three major brain regions?

Answer 6

Forebrain
Brainstem
Cerebellum

Question 7

What does the forebrain consist of?

Answer 7

○ Consists of the cerebrum and diencephalon

Question 8

What does the brainstem consist of?

Answer 8

○ Consists of midbrain, pons and medulla oblongata

Question 9

What is the largest part of the brain?

Answer 9

Cortex

Question 10

How many lobes is the cortex divided into?

Answer 10

four

Question 11

Occipital lobe

Answer 11

○ Visual processing like colour orientation and movement

○ Patients with schizophrenia were found with abnormal activity levels in the occipital lobes

Question 12

Parietal lobe

Answer 12

○ Sensory processing and proprioception

○ People with dyslexia have reduced levels of activation of the left parietal lobe

Question 13

Frontal lobe

Answer 13

○ Decision making, attention, consciousness, emotions and deliberate movement
○ Prefrontal lobotomy used to treat a number of personality cognitive disorders
§ No longer common
§ Often results in impaired voluntary behaviour

Question 14

Temporal lobe

Answer 14

○ Auditory processing
○ Language
○ Speech
○ Receptive aphasia is a condition where there is a major impairment of language comprehension

Question 15

What does corpus callosum and what does it allow?

Answer 15

• Connects left and right hemispheres

* Allows information to be passed between them

Question 16

What does the hippocampus do?

Answer 16

• Memory formation

* Memory retrieval

Question 17

What is the basal ganlia responsible for?

Answer 17

Movement, balance and posture

Question 18

What movement disorder is associated with the basal ganglia?

Answer 18

Parkinson’s

Question 19

What is parkinson’s?

Answer 19

is a neurodegenerative disease, caused by dopaminergic function

Question 20

What is Huntingdon’s chorea?

Answer 20

is a genetic disorder that causes damage to the basal ganglia

Question 21

Which part of the brain is the diencephalon located?

Answer 21

• Posterior part of the forebrain

Question 22

What does the diencephalon contain?

Answer 22

Thalamus

Hypothalamus

Question 23

How many different nuclei does the thalamus contain?

Answer 23

40 different

Question 24

Information in thalamus

Answer 24

○ Many different streams of information integrated in the thalamus

Question 25

What can thalamic damage result in?

Answer 25

Thalamic damage results in blending of information streams

Question 26

What is the hypothalamus?

Answer 26

Collection of small nuclei

Question 27

What is the hypothalamus responsible for?

Answer 27

``` § Temperature § Hunger/thirst § Neuroendocrine control § Circadian rhythms § Blood pressure ```

Question 28

What is the key role of the hypothalamus?

Answer 28

Reacts to when the body is under stress

Question 29

What is the Medulla oblongata's function?

Answer 29

``` • Homeostasis: ○ Breathing ○ Heart rate ○ Blood pressure • Motor movements ○ Reflexes ○ Fine motor movements of limbs and face in conjunction with cortex ```

Question 30

What can stroke to brainstem region cause?

Answer 30

Brain death | locked in syndrome

Question 31

What is brain stem death

Answer 31

Loss of blood circulation to all brainstem regions

Question 32

What is locked in syndrome

Answer 32

Loss of blood circulation to pons

Question 33

Function of cerebellum

Answer 33

* Movement precision | * Coordination

Question 34

How far does the spinal chord extend?

Answer 34

45cm

Question 35

What does the spinal chord do

Answer 35

Transmits signal to and from the brain

Question 36

What type of circuit is the spinal chord?

Answer 36

Reflexive ciruits

Question 37

How many parts is the spine divided into?

Answer 37

Into 5 parts

Question 38

Name the 5 parts the spine is divided into and the number of vertebrates it has

Answer 38

``` ○ Cervical § Seven vertebrate ○ Thoracic § Twelve vertebrate ○ Lumbar § Five vertebrate ○ Sacral § Five vertebrate ○ Coccygeal Four vertebrate ```

Question 39

What does the peripheral nervous system consist of ?

Answer 39

Consists of autonomic and somatic nervous system

Question 40

What is the autonomic nervous system?

Answer 40

``` ○ Unconscious control: § Heart rate § Blood pressure § Breathing § Digestion ```

Question 41

What is the Somatic nervous system

Answer 41

○ Voluntary control of body movement via skeletal muscle

Question 42

What is the massive part of cerebrum?

Answer 42

Cortex