Overview of The Function of The Cardiovascular system Flashcards
What does the blood flow sytsem of the CVS carry?
If the pumps are in series (right and left ventricle) what does this imply?
Output must be equal
Why are most vascular beds in parallel?
Ensures all tissues get blood,
Allows regional redirection of blood - can send different proportions of blood to match the specific requirements to each different part of the body.
Give an example of when there are local regions of vessels being in series
Blood flow system between the liver and gut
Hypothalamus releasing hormones which travel directly to the anteroir pituatory
Why does the skin receive more oxygen than it uses?
Thermoregulation
Which organs receive less of the percentage cardiac output than percentage oxygen consumption?
How do you calculate flow?
How is difference in pressure calculated?
How is the resistance calculated?
Which vessels can affect resistance and influence blood distribution?
Arterioles
How does the size of blood vessels change?
Arteries - arterioles - capillaries
How does the size of the veins change?
Capillaries - venules - veins
What are elastic arteries?
What are muscular arteries?
What are resistance vessels?
What are exchange vessels?
What are capacitance vessels?
Are valves active or passive?
Passive
What separates the ventricles?
Interventricular septum
What vein enters the right atrium?
Vena cava
What is the mitral valve?
The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle of the heart, which has two tapered cusps.
Define the tricuspid valve?
A valve that is situated at the opening of the right atrium of the heart into the right ventricle and that resembles the mitral valve in structure but consists of three triangular membranous flaps—called also right atrioventricular valve.
Define chordae tendinae
The chordae tendinae are tendons that connect the papillary muscles to the tricuspid valve and the mitral valve in the heart.
Define papillary muscle
The papillary muscles are muscles located in the ventricles of the heart. They attach to the cusps of the atrioventricular valves via the chordae tendineae and contract to prevent inversion or prolapse of these valves on systole (or ventricular contraction).
