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Overview of the cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the modality of the olfactory nerve?

A

Smell

Special sensory

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2
Q

Where is the extracranial part of the olfactory nerve?

A

Olfactory mucosa in nasal cavity

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3
Q

What cranial foramina does the olfactory nerve pass through?

A

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Anterior cranial fossa

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4
Q

What is the intracranial part/connection with CNS of the olfactory nerve?

A

Synapse in the olfactory bulb

Pass through olfactory tract to cortical areas

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5
Q

What is the function of the optic nerve?

A

Vision

Special sensory

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6
Q

What is the extracranial part of the optic nerve?

A

Neurons of the retina travel posteriorly via the optic nerve from the posterior hemisphere of the eye through the orbit

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7
Q

Where does the optic nerve pass through?

A

Optic canal in the middle cranial fossa

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8
Q

What is the intracranial part of the optic nerve?

A

Travels around the pituitary stalk to the optic chiasm to form the optic tract

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9
Q

What is the optic nerve connection with the CNS?

A

Diencephalon

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10
Q

How can CN I be tested?

A

Familiar smell in one nostril

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11
Q

How can CN II be tested?

A 
Acuity
Colour
Fields
Reflexes
Fundoscopy
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12
Q

What is the function of CN III?

A 
Eye movement (motor)
Pupil constriction (parasympathetic)
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13
Q

What is the connection with the CNS of CN III?

A

Midbrain

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14
Q

What cranial foramina does CN III pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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15
Q

What is the extracranial part of CN III?

A

Passes through SOF into orbit and supplies all extra ocular muscles except LR and SO

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16
Q

What gangia does the CN III parasympathetics synapse in?

A

Ciliary ganglion

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17
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve originate?

A

Midbrain

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18
Q

What is the intracranial part of the trochlear nerve?

A

Travels towards the orbit in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

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19
Q

What foramina does CN IV pass through?

A

SOF

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20
Q

What does the trochlear nerve supply?

A

Superior oblique muscle

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21
Q

What is the function of CN VI?

A

Eye movement (Motor)

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22
Q

What is the connection of the CNS of the abducent nerve?

A

Pontomedullary junction

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23
Q

What is the intracranial part of the CN VI?

A

Travels towards the orbit within cavernous sinus

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24
Q

What foramina does CN VI pass through?

A

SOF

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25
What does CN VI supply?
Lateral Rectus
26
How can CN III, IV, VI be tested?
H test
27
What is the function of CN VII?
Hearing and Balance (Special sensory)
28
What is the extracranial part of CN VIII?
Axons from cochlear and vestibular apparatus
29
What cranial foramina does CN VIII pass through?
IAM | In posterior cranial fossa
30
What is the intracranial part of CN VIII?
Travels posteriormedially to pontomedullary junction
31
How is CN VIII tested?
Rinne and Webers test
32
What is the function of CN XI?
Motor | Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius muscles
33
How does CN XI connect to the CNS?
Cervical spinal cord
34
What is the intracranial part of CN XI?
Ascends through foramen magnum then travels towards jugular foramen in posterior cranial fossa
35
What cranial foramen does CN XI pass through?
Jugular foramen
36
How can CN Xi be tested?
Shrug shoulders | Turn head to flex neck and turn towards the opposite side
37
What is the function of CN XII?
Motor | Muscles of the tongue
38
Where does CN XII connect to the CNS?
Via many rootlets lateral to the pyramids of the medulla oblongata
39
What is the intracranial part of CN XII?
Passes anteriorly to the hypoglossal canal
40
What foramina does CN XII pass through?
Hypoglossal canal
41
What is the extracranial part of CN XII?
Descends laterally to the carotid sheath
42
What muscle of the tongue is not suppliedd by CN XII?
Palatoglossus
43
How can CN XII be tested?
Ask patient to stick tongue straight out | If there is unilateral CN XII pathology the tongue tip will point towards the side of the injured nerve
44
What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve and their functions?
CN V1 - Opthalmic - Sensory CN V2 - Maxillary - Sensory CN V3 - Mandibular - Mixed
45
Where does CN V connect with the CNS?
Pons
46
What cranial foraminae do the parts of CN V pass through?
V1 - SOF V2 - Foramen Rotundum V3 - Foramen Ovale
47
What is the extracranial part of CN V3?
Sensory axons from the superficial and deep structures of the face
48
What supplies the skin over the angle of the mandible and some of the external ear?
Great auricular nerve (C2,3) A sensory granch of the cervical plexus
49
Revise the sensory aspects of the Trigeminal nerve
xoxo | Gossip Girl
50
What is the motor function of CN V3?
``` Muscles of mastication Masseter Temporalis Medial ptergoid Lateral pterygoif Tensor veli palatini Tensor tympani ```
51
Which of the muscles of mastication is responsible for opening the jaw?
Lateral pterygoid
52
How can CN V be tested?
Brushing skin | Tense Jaw
53
What is the function of the facial nerve?
Special sensory (taste) Motor Parasympathetic
54
Where does the facial nerve connect to the CNS?
Anterolateral at the pontomedullary junction
55
What is the intracranial part of CN VII?
Directly into IAM in the posterior cranial fossa
56
Where does the facial nerve leave the cranial fossa?
Sylomastoid foramen
57
Where does the facial nerve enter the cranial fossa?
iAM
58
What does the facial nerve supply?
Muscles of facial expression
59
What does the Chorda tympani supply?
Carries Taste from anterior 2/3rds of tongue | Parasympathetic supply to submandibular and sublingual glands
60
What is the function of the stapedius muscle?
Reduced stapes movement to protect the internal ear from excessive noise
61
What are the muscles of facial expression?
Frontalis Orbicularis oculi Elevators of lips Orbicularis oris
62
How can CN VII be tested?
Raise eyebrows Close eyes tightly Smile Puff out cheeks and hold air
63
What is the function of CN IX?
``` Taste Sensory Motor Visceral afferent Parasymptathetic ```

Neurology Lectures (4 decks)

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