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Neurology Lectures > Overview of the cranial nerves > Flashcards

Overview of the cranial nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What is the modality of the olfactory nerve?

A

Smell

Special sensory

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2
Q

Where is the extracranial part of the olfactory nerve?

A

Olfactory mucosa in nasal cavity

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3
Q

What cranial foramina does the olfactory nerve pass through?

A

Cribriform plate of the ethmoid bone

Anterior cranial fossa

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4
Q

What is the intracranial part/connection with CNS of the olfactory nerve?

A

Synapse in the olfactory bulb

Pass through olfactory tract to cortical areas

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5
Q

What is the function of the optic nerve?

A

Vision

Special sensory

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6
Q

What is the extracranial part of the optic nerve?

A

Neurons of the retina travel posteriorly via the optic nerve from the posterior hemisphere of the eye through the orbit

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7
Q

Where does the optic nerve pass through?

A

Optic canal in the middle cranial fossa

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8
Q

What is the intracranial part of the optic nerve?

A

Travels around the pituitary stalk to the optic chiasm to form the optic tract

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9
Q

What is the optic nerve connection with the CNS?

A

Diencephalon

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10
Q

How can CN I be tested?

A

Familiar smell in one nostril

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11
Q

How can CN II be tested?

A 
Acuity
Colour
Fields
Reflexes
Fundoscopy
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12
Q

What is the function of CN III?

A 
Eye movement (motor)
Pupil constriction (parasympathetic)
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13
Q

What is the connection with the CNS of CN III?

A

Midbrain

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14
Q

What cranial foramina does CN III pass through?

A

Superior orbital fissure

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15
Q

What is the extracranial part of CN III?

A

Passes through SOF into orbit and supplies all extra ocular muscles except LR and SO

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16
Q

What gangia does the CN III parasympathetics synapse in?

A

Ciliary ganglion

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17
Q

Where does the trochlear nerve originate?

A

Midbrain

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18
Q

What is the intracranial part of the trochlear nerve?

A

Travels towards the orbit in the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus

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19
Q

What foramina does CN IV pass through?

A

SOF

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20
Q

What does the trochlear nerve supply?

A

Superior oblique muscle

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21
Q

What is the function of CN VI?

A

Eye movement (Motor)

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22
Q

What is the connection of the CNS of the abducent nerve?

A

Pontomedullary junction

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23
Q

What is the intracranial part of the CN VI?

A

Travels towards the orbit within cavernous sinus

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24
Q

What foramina does CN VI pass through?

A

SOF

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25
Q

What does CN VI supply?

A

Lateral Rectus

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26
Q

How can CN III, IV, VI be tested?

27
Q

What is the function of CN VII?

A

Hearing and Balance (Special sensory)

28
Q

What is the extracranial part of CN VIII?

A

Axons from cochlear and vestibular apparatus

29
Q

What cranial foramina does CN VIII pass through?

A

IAM

In posterior cranial fossa

30
Q

What is the intracranial part of CN VIII?

A

Travels posteriormedially to pontomedullary junction

31
Q

How is CN VIII tested?

A

Rinne and Webers test

32
Q

What is the function of CN XI?

A

Motor

Sternocleidomastoid and Trapezius muscles

33
Q

How does CN XI connect to the CNS?

A

Cervical spinal cord

34
Q

What is the intracranial part of CN XI?

A

Ascends through foramen magnum then travels towards jugular foramen in posterior cranial fossa

35
Q

What cranial foramen does CN XI pass through?

A

Jugular foramen

36
Q

How can CN Xi be tested?

A

Shrug shoulders

Turn head to flex neck and turn towards the opposite side

37
Q

What is the function of CN XII?

A

Motor

Muscles of the tongue

38
Q

Where does CN XII connect to the CNS?

A

Via many rootlets lateral to the pyramids of the medulla oblongata

39
Q

What is the intracranial part of CN XII?

A

Passes anteriorly to the hypoglossal canal

40
Q

What foramina does CN XII pass through?

A

Hypoglossal canal

41
Q

What is the extracranial part of CN XII?

A

Descends laterally to the carotid sheath

42
Q

What muscle of the tongue is not suppliedd by CN XII?

A

Palatoglossus

43
Q

How can CN XII be tested?

A

Ask patient to stick tongue straight out

If there is unilateral CN XII pathology the tongue tip will point towards the side of the injured nerve

44
Q

What are the 3 divisions of the trigeminal nerve and their functions?

A

CN V1 - Opthalmic - Sensory
CN V2 - Maxillary - Sensory
CN V3 - Mandibular - Mixed

45
Q

Where does CN V connect with the CNS?

46
Q

What cranial foraminae do the parts of CN V pass through?

A

V1 - SOF
V2 - Foramen Rotundum
V3 - Foramen Ovale

47
Q

What is the extracranial part of CN V3?

A

Sensory axons from the superficial and deep structures of the face

48
Q

What supplies the skin over the angle of the mandible and some of the external ear?

A

Great auricular nerve (C2,3) A sensory granch of the cervical plexus

49
Q

Revise the sensory aspects of the Trigeminal nerve

A

xoxo

Gossip Girl

50
Q

What is the motor function of CN V3?

A 
Muscles of mastication
Masseter
Temporalis
Medial ptergoid
Lateral pterygoif
Tensor veli palatini
Tensor tympani
51
Q

Which of the muscles of mastication is responsible for opening the jaw?

A

Lateral pterygoid

52
Q

How can CN V be tested?

A

Brushing skin

Tense Jaw

53
Q

What is the function of the facial nerve?

A

Special sensory (taste)
Motor
Parasympathetic

54
Q

Where does the facial nerve connect to the CNS?

A

Anterolateral at the pontomedullary junction

55
Q

What is the intracranial part of CN VII?

A

Directly into IAM in the posterior cranial fossa

56
Q

Where does the facial nerve leave the cranial fossa?

A

Sylomastoid foramen

57
Q

Where does the facial nerve enter the cranial fossa?

58
Q

What does the facial nerve supply?

A

Muscles of facial expression

59
Q

What does the Chorda tympani supply?

A

Carries Taste from anterior 2/3rds of tongue

Parasympathetic supply to submandibular and sublingual glands

60
Q

What is the function of the stapedius muscle?

A

Reduced stapes movement to protect the internal ear from excessive noise

61
Q

What are the muscles of facial expression?

A

Frontalis
Orbicularis oculi
Elevators of lips
Orbicularis oris

62
Q

How can CN VII be tested?

A

Raise eyebrows
Close eyes tightly
Smile
Puff out cheeks and hold air

63
Q

What is the function of CN IX?

A 
Taste
Sensory
Motor
Visceral afferent
Parasymptathetic

Neurology Lectures (4 decks)

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