Anatomy of Space Occupying lesions

Question 1

What is a spce occupying lesion?

Answer 1

Abnormal tissue taking up space

Question 2

What are the 5 layers of the scalp?

Answer 2

Skin
Connective Tissue
Aponeurosis
Loose Connective Tissue
Pericranium

Question 3

Which artery courses over the deep parts of the pterion?

Answer 3

Middle Meningeal artery

Question 4

What is meningitis?

Answer 4

Bacterial or viral infection of the meninges

Question 5

What are the meninges?

Answer 5

Protective covering for the brain and spinal cord

Question 6

What are the 3 layers of the meninges?

Answer 6

Dura Mater
Arachnoid Mater
Pia Mater

Question 7

Where is the dara mater found?

Answer 7

Adherent to the internal aspect of the skull

Question 8

What supplies the dura mater?

Answer 8

CN V

Question 9

What is the diaphragm sellae?

Answer 9

A tough sheet of dura mater forming a roof over the pituitary fossa

Question 10

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

Answer 10

Sheet of dura mater “Tenting” over the cerebellum

Question 11

What is the falx cerebri?

Answer 11

Midline structure made of dura mater
Attaches to the deep aspecct of the skull
Seperates the right and left cerebral hemispheres

Question 12

What contributes to the venous drainage of the brain?

Answer 12

Cerebral veins
Superior sagittal sinus
Confluence of sinuses
Facial vein
Opthalmic veins

Question 13

What is the arterial supply to the brain?

Answer 13

Right vertebral artery
Right internal carotid
Right external carotid

Question 14

What makes up the circle of willis?

Answer 14

Right anterior cerebral artery
Right internal carotid
Right posterior communicating
Right posterior cerebral artery
The basilar artery

Question 15

Where is the circle of willis found?

Answer 15

Inferior to midbrain
Closely related to pituitary stalk and optic chiasm
Within subarachnoid space

Question 16

What is contained in the subarachnoid space?

Answer 16

CSF

Question 17

Where is CSF produced?

Answer 17

Choroid plexus of the ventricles

Question 18

How is CSF reabsorbed?

Answer 18

Dural venous sinuses

Question 19

How can CSF be accessed?

Answer 19

Via lumbar puncture at L3/4 or L4/5 disc levels

Question 20

Where does the sub arachnoid space end?

Answer 20

S2 level

Question 21

What are the ventricles of the bain?

Answer 21

Left and right lateral ventricle
3rd ventricle
4th ventricle

Question 22

Where is the 3rd ventricle?

Answer 22

Midline within diencephalon

Question 23

What connects the 3rd and 4th ventricles to the midline?

Answer 23

Cerebral aqueduct

Question 24

What is the pathway of circulation for the CSF?

Answer 24

Secreted by choroid plexus
From the lateral ventricles via the foraminae of monro into the 3rd ventricle
Via the cerebral aqueduct into the 4th ventricle then mainly into the subarachnoid space then reabsorbed into the dural venous sinsues

Question 25

What is hydrocephalus?

Answer 25

Excessive production, obstruction to flow or inadequate reabsorption leads to increased CSF volume

Question 26

What is an extradural haemorrhage?

Answer 26

Between the dura and the bone
Ruptured middle meningeal artery
Trauma to the pterion

Question 27

What is a subdural haemorrhage?

Answer 27

Separaes the dura from the arachnoid
Torn cerebral veins
Falls in the elderly

Question 28

What is a subarachnoid haemorrhage?

Answer 28

Into the CSF of the arachnoid space
Berry aneurysm
Congenital aneurysm

Question 29

What are different types of supratentorial herniatin?

Answer 29

CIngulate
Central
Uncal
Transcalvariial

Question 30

What direction can infratentorial herniation occur in?

Answer 30

Upward

Downward or tonsillar