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Neuroscience > Overview of Nervous System > Flashcards

Overview of Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 5 functions of the CNS?

A
  • Sensation
  • Movement
  • Thinking
  • Experience of emotion
  • Autonomic regulation
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2
Q

What is the difference between sensation and perception?

A

Sensation is the raw data, and perception is the interpretation of the raw data after sensory integration.

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3
Q

What is the difference between white matter and gray matter?

A

White- myelinated, inner brain.

Gray- unmyelinated, outer six layers

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4
Q

What is a cortex?

A

Outer layer

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5
Q

What are nuclei?

A

Clusters of cell bodies

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6
Q

What are columns?

A

Groups of cell bodies with a similar function organized in a longitudinal fashion.

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7
Q

What is a neuron?

A

Elementary signaling element of the nervous system.

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8
Q

What is the neuron doctrine?

A

That the elementary signaling element of the nervous system is the neuron.

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9
Q

What does it mean to say that something has an excitable membrane?

A

It can propagate an action potential

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10
Q

Define: Temporal summation.

A

A high frequency of action potentials in the presynaptic neuron results in postsynaptic potentials that overlap and summate.

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11
Q

Define: Spatial summation.

A

Summation of potentials from different areas of input.

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12
Q

Define: Unipolar cell

A

A neuron with only one dendrite.

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13
Q

Define: Bipolar cell

A

Specialized neuron with two extensions, act as SENSORY structures for the retina and olfactory system.

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14
Q

Define: Pseudopolar cell

A

Dorsal root ganglion in humans. Neuron with two axons: one to the periphery and one to the spinal cord.

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15
Q

Define: Multipolar cell

A

Most common. Multiple dendrites from cell body with one axon. Many subtypes (pyramidal, granule, Purkinje, basket).

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16
Q

What is anterograde axonal transport?

A

From cell body to the axon terminal.

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17
Q

What is retrograde axonal transport?

A

From the axon terminal to the cell body.

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18
Q

What is/and is the function of the blood-brain barrier?

A

Prevents chemicals that may mess with brain tissue from entering brain. If these things got in, they could cause unwanted action potentials.

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19
Q

What makes up the midbrain?

A

Tectum + Tegmentum

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20
Q

What makes up the hindbrain?

A

Medulla oblongata, Pons, Cerebellum

21
Q

Define: telencephalon

A

Cerebral hemispheres (cortex+white matter+basal ganglia)

22
Q

Define: Diencephalon

A

Thalamus + Hypothalamus + Pineal Body

23
Q

Define: Forebrain

A

Telencephalon and diencephalon

24
Q

Define: rostral

A

near the front end of the body

25
Q

What is another name for the midbrain?

A

Mesencephalon

26
Q

What makes up the metencephalon?

A

Pons + Cerebellum

27
Q

What makes up the myelencepahlon?

A

The medulla.

28
Q

What are the main apparatus for receiving inputs?

A

Dendrites.

29
Q

What is a soma?

A

A cell body.

30
Q

What are the four types of glial cells?

A
  • Astrocytes
  • Oligodendrocytes
  • Schwann Cells
  • Microglia
31
Q

Where are astrocytes found?

A

Throughout gray and white matter.

32
Q

What is the most numerous type of glial cell?

A

Astrocytes.

33
Q

Where are oligodendrocytes found?

A

Throughout gray and white matter.

34
Q

How common are microglia?

A

Make up 1% of CNS cell population.

35
Q

What is the function of an astrocyte?

A

High potassium permeability which keeps other neurons from accidentally depolarizing. Also play an important role in development and injury of neurons

36
Q

What is the function of oligodendrocytes?

A

Produce myelin for axons from multiple neurons in CNS and has proteins which inhibit axonal growth.

37
Q

What is the function of Schwann cells?

A

Produce myelin for one segment of axons in PNS. and encourage growth post injury.

38
Q

What are the size characteristics of schwann cells?

A

Large and medium nerve fibers, peripheral nerve fibers that also have connective tissue sheaths.

39
Q

What is the function of microglia?

A

Scavenge post injury.

40
Q

What is the function of the pons?

A

Relay station between cerebral cortex and cerebellum and descending motor fibers.

41
Q

What is the function of the cerebellum?

A

Coordination of smooth motor movement.

42
Q

What is the function of the midbrain?

A

Visual and auditory reflex pathways, visceral functions.

43
Q

What is the function of the hypothalamus?

A

A variety of autonomic and behavioral functions.

44
Q

What is the function of the thalamus?

A

All sensory info except olfaction passes through here, and transmits info to specific sites in cortex. Relays motor control info.

45
Q

What are the three projections of the dura mater?

A
  • Falx cerebri
  • Tentorium cerebelli
  • Falx cerebelli
46
Q

What is the falx cerebri?

A

separates the cerebral hemispheres

47
Q

What is the tentorium cerebelli?

A

separates posterior cerebral hemispheres from cerebellum

48
Q

What is the falx cerebelli?

A

separates the cerebellar hemispheres.

Neuroscience (6 decks)

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