Overview of Nervous System

Question 1

neuron structure

Answer 1

cell body (soma) + dendrites + axon

Question 2

dendrites

Answer 2

neurons can have one, none, or many; brings information to the cell body

Question 3

axon

Answer 3

neuron can have only one; transmits information to other neurons and muscles

Question 4

multipolar neuron

Answer 4

multiple dendrites extending from the cell body

Question 5

unipolar neurons

Answer 5

no dendrites, just a single axon; have sensory receptors for receiving information from CNS

Question 6

bipolar neurons

Answer 6

have one dendrite and one axon

Question 7

CNS is composed of _

Answer 7

brain and spinal cord

Question 8

PNS is composed of _

Answer 8

peripheral nerves and ganglia

Question 9

meninges

Answer 9

3 layers of CT that protect brain and spinal cord

Question 10

3 layers of meninges

Answer 10

dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater

Question 11

subarachnoid space

Answer 11

between the arachnoid and pia mater; filled with CSF

Question 12

spinal cord ends at _

Answer 12

L1/L2

Question 13

dura sheath extends to _

Answer 13

S2

Question 14

_ cervical segments

Answer 14

8

Question 15

_ thoracic segments

Answer 15

12

Question 16

_ lumbar segments

Answer 16

5

Question 17

_ sacral segments

Answer 17

5

Question 18

_ coccygeal segments

Answer 18

1

Question 19

conus medullaris

Answer 19

end of spinal cord

Question 20

cauda equina

Answer 20

collection of nerve roots (L2 and below)

Question 21

filum terminale

Answer 21

strand of fibrous tissue that extends from the end of conus medullaris to attach to the coccyx; contains pia mater

Question 22

Where is CSF withdrawn in adults?

Answer 22

between L3 and L4

Question 23

Where is CSF withdrawn in children?

Answer 23

between L4 and L5

Question 24

endoneurium

Answer 24

surrounds individual axons

Question 25

perineurium

Answer 25

surrounds bundle of axons (nerve fibers)

Question 26

myelin surrounds each _

Answer 26

axon

Question 27

afferent pathway

Answer 27

PNS to CNS (sensory)

Question 28

efferent pathway

Answer 28

CNS to PNS (motor)

Question 29

peripheral nervous system is made up of the _

Answer 29

somatic and autonomic nervous systems

Question 30

autonomic nervous system is made up of the _

Answer 30

parasympathetic and sympathetic systems; general visceral efferent

Question 31

somatic nervous system innervates _

Answer 31

body wall and limbs, skin, skeletal muscle, joints

Question 32

visceral system innervates _

Answer 32

smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands

Question 33

dorsal ramus

Answer 33

brings sensory info from posterior

Question 34

ventral ramus

Answer 34

brings sensory info from lateral and anterior

Question 35

general somatic afferent route (from posterior stimulation)

Answer 35

sensory receptors --> dorsal primary ramus --> spinal nerve --> dorsal root --> spinal cord

Question 36

somatic afferent fibers are _

Answer 36

unipolar

Question 37

cell bodies for somatic afferent fibers reside in the _

Answer 37

dorsal root ganglion

Question 38

somatic afferent route (from anterior stimulation)

Answer 38

sensory receptors --> ventral primary ramus --> spinal nerve --> dorsal root --> spinal cord

Question 39

dermatome

Answer 39

cutaneous area supplied mainly by a single spinal nerve or segment (no C1 dermatome)

Question 40

general somatic efferent fibers are _

Answer 40

multipolar neurons

Question 41

cell bodies of somatic efferent fibers reside in _

Answer 41

ventral horn (where motor fibers reside)

Question 42

somatic efferent route (posterior stimulation)

Answer 42

ventral root --> spinal nerve --> dorsal primary ramus

Question 43

somatic efferent route (anterior stimulation)

Answer 43

ventral horn --> spinal nerve --> ventral primary ramus

Question 44

visceral efferent fibers contain _

Answer 44

a two neuron connection (synapse)

Question 45

parasympathetic nerves

Answer 45

cranial III, VII, IX, X; S2-S4

Question 46

sympathetic nerves

Answer 46

T1-L2

Question 47

both sympathetic and parasympathetic stimulate _

Answer 47

internal visceral organs

Question 48

only sympathetic innervates _

Answer 48

peripheral viscera (blood flow & temp)

Question 49

visceral efferent fibers are _

Answer 49

multipolar

Question 50

cell bodies of the visceral efferent fibers (preganglionic neurons) reside in _

Answer 50

lateral horn

Question 51

cell bodies of visceral efferent fibers (postganglionic neurons) reside in _

Answer 51

paravertebral ganglia

Question 52

visceral efferent pathway (to peripheral viscera)

Answer 52

ventral root (T1-L2) --> spinal nerve --> white ramus --> paravertebral ganglion --> gray ramus --> spinal nerve --> dorsal/ventral primary ramus

Question 53

How can the sympathetic nervous system innervate the entire body if they only have preganglionic neurons in T1-L2?

Answer 53

paravertebral ganglia

Question 54

white rami are present in _

Answer 54

T1-L2; preganglionic

Question 55

gray rami are located _

Answer 55

at all levels; post-ganglionic

Question 56

visceral efferent route to internal visceral organs

Answer 56

does not use the gray ramus

Question 57

visceral afferent route (from pain)

Answer 57

sensory receptors --> white ramus --> spinal nerve --> dorsal root --> spinal cord (no synapse)