Epigenetics Flashcards

1
Q

What are the mechanisms of chromatin compaction?

A

DNA methyltransferases mark genes for silencing by placing methyl groups on cytosines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

A compartments of chromatin

A

open, active; includes housekeeping genes, tissue-specific genes, and regulatory elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

B compartment of chromatins

A

condensed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

imprinting

A

selective silencing of one allele of certain genes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

epigenetic phenomenon

A

change in the phenotype that is heritable but does not involve changes in the order of base sequences of the DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Prader-Willi syndrome

A

paternal deletion of imprinted region on chromosome 15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Angelman syndrome

A

maternal deletion of imprinted region on chromosome 15

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

IGF2

A

enhances growth and cell proliferation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Russel-Silver syndrome

A

ICR/H19 is not methylated in the paternal allele so H19 will not be suppressed –> two copies of H19 but no IGF2 leads to undergrowth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome

A

maternal H19/ICR is methylated resulting in no expression of H19 but two copies of IGF2 –> leads to overgrowth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

exposure to famine during first trimester

A

birthweight is normal but adult onset of many diseases (obesity, cardiovascular disease, schizophrenia, depression)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

exposure to famine late in gestation

A

birthweight is low but few adult onset diseases (insulin resistance and hypertension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which genes affected by the Hunger Winter?

A

it is likely that the famine induced dysregulation of methylation of IGF2 (methyl groups were removed to allow expression) which is what caused the later obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How are epigenetic changes passed through male lineage?

A

solenoids may remain in sperm which can preserve methylation/histone-modification marks

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

plasticity

A

ability of genotype to produce different phenotypes in response to different environments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly